Seville Cathedral Legends: Ghost Stories, Curses and Hidden Treasure

Meet the spirit of Christopher Columbus, the Ghostly Guardian and La Susona, brave the curse of La Giralda and discover a secret stash of gold.

The Seville Cathedral, with its towering Gothic spires and labyrinthine chambers, can be a gloomy sanctuary where it’s easy to imagine hearing whispers and catching dark shapes out of the corner of your eye. Over the centuries, this majestic building has become a repository of folktales — some tinged with mystery, others with tragedy. As the sun sets and the long shadows stretch across the cobblestones, gather round to hear the spookiest legends about Seville Cathedral. 

“The curse lingers.

Now, anyone who betrays a vow within the cathedral’s grounds will be met with misfortune — anything from financial ruin to an untimely death. ”

The Ghostly Guardian of Seville Cathedral 

On stormy nights, when the wind wails through the narrow streets of Sevilla, locals speak in hushed tones of the Ghostly Guardian — a silent sentinel said to patrol Seville Cathedral’s hallowed halls. This figure, draped in a flowing, tattered cloak and clad in ancient armor, is believed to be the restless spirit of a medieval knight. Witnesses describe seeing him glide through the shadows, his armor clinking faintly as he moves from one darkened chapel to another, his gaze ever-watchful. Others have spied him kneeling in solemn prayer at the high altar, his ghostly form cast in a faint, silvery glow.

He was once a master builder, a man whose life’s work was the construction of the cathedral. Stricken down by illness before seeing his masterpiece completed, his spirit lingered. Not even death could sever his connection to the place he so loved. 

Visitors to the Seville Cathedral who stay too long after dark have claimed to hear strange sounds — the echo of footsteps when no one is near or the eerie clatter of unseen armor. The Ghostly Guardian continues his eternal watch, safeguarding the cathedral from threats both seen and unseen.

Hidden Treasure: The Secret of the Cathedral’s Gold

Beneath the cathedral’s towering arches and heavy stones lies a secret that has tantalized treasure hunters for centuries — a hidden cache of riches. As the story goes, during a time of great unrest in Sevilla, a powerful nobleman sought to hide his treasure in a place he believed would be safe. 

He approached the master builders of the cathedral, bribing them to construct a secret chamber, deep within its bowels, where his fortune in gold, silver and precious gems could be hidden away. The builders, either out of greed or under duress, agreed to this clandestine arrangement, creating a hidden vault so ingeniously concealed that no outsider would ever suspect its existence.

The nobleman, however, never returned to claim his treasure. He died in a distant battle, taking the secret of the chamber’s location with him to the grave. Since then, countless treasure seekers have scoured the cathedral’s chapels, floors and nooks, succumbing to fevered dreams of instant wealth. 

Some claim the treasure is hidden beneath the grand altar; others believe it lies behind one of the many intricately carved stone panels that adorn the cathedral walls. Yet, despite the tireless searches, the treasure trove remains elusive.

The Curse of La Giralda

Who would suspect that La Giralda, with its elegant silhouette rising above Sevilla’s skyline, is also the focal point of a dark and vengeful curse, a warning to those who dare betray love and break a promise?

Back in the 16th century, a young nobleman was set to marry a beautiful woman from a wealthy family. The wedding was to be a grand affair, the kind that would be spoken of for generations. But the bride’s joy turned to despair when, on the morning of the ceremony, her betrothed abandoned her at the altar.

Heartbroken and humiliated, she stood beneath the shadow of La Giralda, her wedding gown fluttering in the wind, tears staining her cheeks. In her anguish, she raised her hands to the heavens and cursed the man who had jilted her. As she uttered her final words, dark clouds rolled in and the sky roared with thunder. A bolt of lightning struck La Giralda, sending a single stone crashing down at the feet of the fleeing nobleman. He was able to escape the city — but he couldn’t escape the curse. 

His life unraveled — he lost his fortune, his friendships turned sour, and he died alone, tormented by the consequences of his broken promise.

The curse lingers. Now, anyone who betrays a vow within the cathedral’s grounds will be met with misfortune — anything from financial ruin to an untimely death. The story serves as a cautionary tale, a reminder that love, once pledged, must not be taken lightly.

The Legend of La Susona: A Tale of Love and Betrayal

Meet La Susona, a young woman whose beauty was matched only by the darkness of her fate. Susona Ben Susón was the daughter of a wealthy Jewish merchant in the late 15th century, a time when Sevilla was rife with tension, suspicion and the threat of religious persecution. Despite the danger, Susona fell deeply in love with a Christian nobleman, a relationship that was strictly forbidden.

One night, Susona overheard her father and his allies plotting a rebellion against the Christian authorities. To protect her lover, Susona revealed the plot, betraying her own family to save him. Her confession led to the swift arrest and execution of her father and many others, leaving her wracked with guilt. Shunned by her community and haunted by what she had done, Susona chose to live the rest of her life in isolation, dedicating herself to prayer and penance.

As death approached, Susona made one final, chilling request: that her skull be displayed at the entrance to her family home as a warning to others of the cost of betrayal. 

The Restless Ghost of Christopher Columbus

In the depths of Seville Cathedral’s hallowed halls, Christopher Columbus, the man who charted new worlds and altered the course of history, is said to haunt the very place where his bones now lie. 

By day, the cathedral bustles with visitors, but by night, when the crowds have gone, the air thickens with something unspoken. It’s then that some claim to see him — a ghostly figure drifting through the cold, silent nave, cloaked in a flowing coat, his face obscured by shadows.

Columbus appears near his grand tomb. Some who have ventured close to it at night have felt an icy chill or heard the faintest rustle, like the sweep of a cloak brushing against stone. Those who linger too long might catch a glimpse of a pale figure slipping into the darkness.

The ghost isn’t a vengeful spirit, nor does he lash out at those who dare approach. Instead, he wanders in sorrow and unrest, as if bound to the place by unfinished business or unquiet thoughts. His steps are slow, deliberate — an apparition of a man retracing paths he once walked in life, now doomed to tread them for eternity. 

Those who have encountered Columbus’ ghost speak of a sense of unease, as though they’re not just witnessing a spirit, but a regret that has taken form, a specter caught in an endless loop, reliving decisions that can never be undone — perhaps not too surprising for such a contentious figure.

Haunted Seville Cathedral 

These legends remind us that Sevilla is a city where the past is never truly buried. The stories may be shrouded in mystery and myth, but they endure, whispered through the ages, inviting all who listen to step into a world where history and the supernatural blur in the shadows of Seville Cathedral. 

It’s hard to shake the feeling that in this place of grandeur and mystery, some echoes never fade, and some spirits never rest. –Wally

13 Ways Genghis Khan and the Mongols Were Surprisingly Innovative

Spoiler alert: The Mongols weren’t just bloodthirsty barbarians. Here are some of their shockingly progressive practices, from gender equality to standardized currency. 

When you think of Genghis Khan, do you picture a ruthless conqueror who spent his days pillaging and plundering? Well, yes, that certainly was the case. But it turns out that Genghis, who lived from 1162-1227, was more of a forward-thinking innovator than your average medieval warlord. (By the way, most people mispronounce his name: It should be something more like Jen-gis or Ching-gis.)

One main reason why Genghis Khan has that reputation is the sheer size of the Mongol Empire at its height: “In 25 years, the Mongol army subjugated more lands and people than the Romans had conquered in 400 years. Genghis Khan, together with his sons and grandsons, conquered the most densely populated civilizations of the 13th century. Whether measured by the total number of people defeated, the sum of the countries annexed or by the total area occupied, Genghis Khan conquered more than twice as much as any other man in history,” writes Jack Weatherford in Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, published in 2004. “At its zenith, the empire covered between 11 and 12 million contiguous square miles.”

Most people today live in countries conquered by the Mongols, whose empire “stretched from the snowy tundra of Siberia to the hot plains of India, from the rice paddies of Vietnam to the wheat fields of Hungary, and from Korea to the Balkans,” Weatherford continues. 

“One of the Mongol law code’s greatest merits? No kidnapping women.

This might seem like a no-brainer today, but back then, it was a revolutionary step toward protecting individual rights. ”

The Mongols’ ability to conquer vast territories stemmed from their mastery of warfare, including feigned retreats, mobile cavalry, skilled archers, psychological tactics, advanced siege weapons, extensive spy networks and a remarkable ability to adapt. 

But it wasn’t all battles and bloodshed. Here are 13 ways Ghenghis Khan and the Mongols were surprisingly progressive. 

1. Meritocracy

In the traditional feudal system, your family name determined whether you’d be polishing armor or wearing it. Genghis Khan had a different idea. He believed that talent and skill should be the keys to power, not a fancy lineage.

In action: Under Genghis, promotions were based on ability, not aristocracy. This meant that even a “nobody” could rise to be a somebody if they had the chops. Subotai, for example, was born into a low-class blacksmith family and rose to become one of Genghis Khan’s most trusted generals through his strategic brilliance, orchestrating coordinated multi-front attacks that helped the Mongols conquer vast territories across Europe and Asia.

2. Religious tolerance

In a time when most leaders were busy burning heretics and smashing idols, the Mongols created a religious melting pot. Genghis Khan didn’t just tolerate different religions — he embraced them.

In action: Imagine a royal court where Buddhist monks, Muslim scholars, Christian missionaries and Taoist sages all hang out and exchange ideas over yak butter tea. Genghis Khan was smart enough to realize that forcing people to adopt one religion would only lead to unrest. Instead, he let them worship as they pleased, which, surprise surprise, led to a more stable and prosperous empire. 

3. Legal reforms

Ever heard of the Yassa code? No, it’s not Kanye’s newest name change — it’s the Mongol legal system. Genghis Khan’s Yassa laid down the law for everyone, from the highest nobles to the humblest herders. The rule of law applied equally, and it was strictly enforced.

In action: One of the Yassa’s greatest merits? No kidnapping women. This might seem like a no-brainer today, but back then, it was a revolutionary step toward protecting individual rights. Other notable inclusions: care for the elderly and disabled, and the prohibition of bodily mutilation as punishment. And no one was exempt: Even Genghis himself had to play by the rules. Now that’s what we call equal opportunity justice.

4. Female empowerment 

While medieval Europe was busy debating whether women had souls, the Mongols were giving them actual power and responsibilities. Mongolian women weren’t just seen but heard, holding positions of influence both at home and on the battlefield.

In action: Women in Mongol society could own property, initiate divorce and even fight alongside men. Genghis Khan’s daughters played key roles in governance and diplomacy, running entire regions of the empire. And to think it took 700 more years before women could even vote in America. 

5. Cultural fusion

The Mongol Empire was the ultimate cultural blender, mixing traditions, languages and customs from every corner of its vast territory. This wasn’t just coexistence — it was a dynamic, thriving fusion that enriched everyone involved.

In action: In the bustling cities of the Mongol Empire, you could hear a dozen languages in the marketplace, see architectural styles from Persia to China, and taste foods from across the continent. Genghis Khan encouraged this blending of cultures, which led to a vibrant, cosmopolitan society. 

6. Standardized currency

Before the Mongols, doing business across different regions involved a confusing mess of currencies and a purse heavy with coins. Enter Genghis Khan, who introduced a standardized currency system that made trade as smooth as a Mongolian silk scarf. The Mongols embraced paper money long before it became cool.

In action: Imagine traveling from Beijing to Baghdad and using the same currency along the way. It’s like having one universal credit card in a world full of barter systems. This wasn’t just convenient; it was revolutionary. The streamlined economy boosted trade and brought prosperity across the empire. Suddenly, Marco Polo’s tales of Mongol riches make a lot more sense. 

7. Distribution of wealth

After every successful raid or campaign, instead of building a giant gold statue of himself (which, let’s be honest, he totally could have), Genghis Khan divided the spoils — gold, silver, livestock, you name it — among his soldiers and the greater Mongol community via widows and orphans. This wasn’t just generosity; it was strategic brilliance. By ensuring that his troops and their families shared in the riches, Genghis Khan cultivated a fiercely loyal army and a population that was as invested in the empire’s success as he was. Talk about a profit-sharing plan!

In action: Take, for example, the aftermath of the Khwarezmian Empire’s collapse in 1221. After turning those Persian cities into a Mongol pillaging spree, Genghis didn’t keep the loot for himself. Instead, he divided it up among his troops and even sent a nice chunk back home to the families in Mongolia. This approach pleased his soldiers — turning them into recruitment posters on horseback. Who wouldn’t want to join an army where the bonus plan included a share of the spoils? It’s no wonder the Mongol Empire expanded so fast.

8. Tax reforms

Taxes might be as old as civilization itself, but the Mongols had a surprisingly modern take on them. Instead of bleeding their subjects dry, they implemented a fair and efficient tax system that encouraged growth and investment. Genghis Khan knew that happy traders meant a thriving economy. 

In action: Under the Mongols, taxes were based on wealth generated, not arbitrary demands. They even exempted religious leaders and certain professions — including doctors, priests and teachers — from taxes altogether. Think of it as a medieval version of tax breaks for small businesses. This approach not only fueled economic expansion but also kept the populace relatively content. 

9. Infrastructure development

The Mongols weren’t just tearing down walls — they were building up infrastructure. They constructed an extensive network of roads and bridges that connected the far reaches of their empire. These weren’t just any roads; they were superhighways of the medieval world, facilitating trade, communication and even mail delivery.

In action: The yam system, a kind of Mongol Pony Express, allowed messages to travel across the empire at lightning speed (well, for the 13th century). Waystations with fresh horses and supplies were set up along these routes, ensuring that couriers, traders, diplomats and soldiers could move quickly and efficiently. 

10. Promotion of trade

Before the age of globalization, there were the Mongols, creating an environment where trade could flourish, connecting East and West like never before.

In action: A world where goods, ideas and technologies flowed freely between continents: The Mongols made this possible by ensuring the safety of trade routes and establishing a network of waystations and caravanserais (inns for travelers). Traders could travel from China to Europe with relative ease, bringing silk, spices, and innovations like gunpowder and printing techniques. It was the medieval equivalent of Amazon Prime, but with more camels.

11. Knowledge transfer

The Mongols brought together the best minds from all over their vast empire. They didn’t just conquer; they collected knowledge, and boy, did they know how to network.

In action: When the Mongols captured scientists, engineers and scholars from different regions, they didn’t toss them in dungeons or hold them hostage. Nope, they put them to work sharing their expertise. Persian mathematicians, Chinese engineers and Arab astronomers all found themselves part of a massive, multicultural think tank. The result? A cross-pollination of ideas that accelerated advancements in science, medicine and technology. 

12. Agricultural techniques

While the rest of the world was figuring out crop rotation, the Mongols were busy revolutionizing agriculture. They introduced innovative farming methods and new crops that boosted food security and productivity across their empire.

In action: The Mongols were early adopters of techniques like irrigation and soil management. They also spread crops like sorghum and millet to new regions, ensuring diverse and resilient food supplies.

13. Military innovations

Okay, so maybe the Mongols did have a knack for warfare, but it wasn’t just brute force — they were tactical geniuses. Mongol military innovations didn’t just win battles; they changed the way wars were fought.

In action: The Mongol army’s use of composite bows, superior horsemanship and advanced siege tactics set new standards in military strategy. They also perfected the art of psychological warfare, using fear and surprise to their advantage. Their adaptability and innovation made them virtually unstoppable. 

The Mongolian Stamp on the Modern World

As the dust settled on the vast empire Genghis Khan and his descendants carved out, the world had irrevocably changed. The Mongols were more than conquerors — they were connectors, innovators, and, in a paradoxical way, civilizers. 

It’s time to shed light on the accomplishments of the Mongols, especially given how much we’ve misunderstood or even demonized them. For centuries, the term “Mongoloid” was cruelly applied to children with Down syndrome, falsely attributing to them the characteristics of an entirely different race — with the assumption that one of the baby’s ancestors must have been raped by a Mongol warrior.

The Mongols’ unyielding pursuit of dominance brought disparate cultures into dialogue, facilitated trade on an unprecedented scale, and spread ideas that would ignite revolutions in governance, warfare and even cuisine. From the Silk Road’s bustling caravans to the structured postal systems and the rise of paper money, the Mongols left a legacy far richer than their warrior reputation suggests. 

“Whether in their policy of religious tolerance, devising a universal alphabet, maintaining relay stations, playing games, or printing almanacs, money or astronomy charts, the rulers of the Mongol empire displayed a persistent universalism,” Weatherford writes. “Because they had no system of their own to impose upon their subjects, they were willing to adopt and combine systems from everywhere. Without deep cultural preferences in these areas, the Mongols implemented pragmatic rather than ideological solutions. They searched for what worked best; and when they found it, they spread it to other countries. They did not have to worry whether their astronomy agreed with the precepts of the Bible, that their standards of writing followed the classical principals taught by the mandarins of China, or that Muslim imams disapproved of their printing and painting. The Mongols had the power, at least temporarily, to impose new international systems of technology, agriculture and knowledge that superseded the predilections or prejudices of any single civilization; and in so doing, they broke the monopoly on thought exercised by local elites.”

“In conquering their empire, not only had the Mongols revolutionized warfare, they also created the nucleus of a universal culture and world system,” he continues. “This new global culture continued to grow long after the demise of the Mongol Empire, and through continued development over the coming centuries, it became the foundation for the modern world system with the original Mongol emphases on free commerce, open communication, shared knowledge, secular politics, religious coexistence, international law and diplomatic immunity.”

In a world that often frames history through the lens of East versus West, the Mongols remind us that our modern world isn’t a tale of isolated civilizations but a mosaic of influences, shaped by both conflict and collaboration. The very practices and beliefs we hold dear today — from the concept of religious tolerance to the mechanics of global commerce — owe a debt to a nomadic people whose empire once stretched from the steppes of Mongolia to the heart of Europe. 

In the Mongols, we find the origins of a truly interconnected world, one that continues to evolve, much like the riders who once galloped across the plains, forever altering the course of history. –Wally

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Angels, Demons, Leviathan and Other Monsters in the Bible

Our glossary of New and Old Testament creatures from God’s Monsters by Esther Hamori reveals some shocking surprises. Did angels actually have wings? How are cherubs described? You won’t believe the answers!

Those who take the Bible literally must believe in monsters — the Old Testament especially is filled with them. And in almost every case, they’re working for God.

“The biblical world is full of monsters,” writes Esther J. Hamori in her 2023 book, God’s Monsters: Vengeful Spirits, Deadly Angels, Hybrid Creatures and Divine Hitmen of the Bible. “Uncanny creatures lurk in every direction, from the hybrid monsters surrounding God in heaven to the stunning array of peculiar beings touching down on earth, and from giants in the land of milk and honey to Leviathan swimming beneath the seas. Most have been tamed by time and tradition.”

When you dig into the stories of the Old Testament, a horrifying revelation takes place. This God isn’t a loving god; in fact, he’s a major dick. Time after time, God unleashes his monsters to slaughter humans — and even his Chosen People aren’t safe from his wrath.

“Nowhere in the Bible are angels said to have wings.”

“God is surrounded by bizarre, monstrous creatures, and they commit remarkably violent acts on his command,” Hamori says.

Disclaimer: The findings put forth in this post are those of Hamori, not me. Please don’t kill the messenger. 

New and Old Testament Monsters Guide

Abaddon

What its name means: A word for the abyss or place of destruction (essentially Hell)

What it looks like: He’s not described, though he’s called the Angel of the Abyss.

What it does: He’s the one who brings forth horrific monsters with iron-like locust bodies, human faces, women’s hair, lion’s teeth and scorpion tails during the Apocalypse (Revelation 9:1-11).

angel

“Among the many monstrous creatures in the biblical heavens, angels are the most like us,” Hamori writes. “They’re the most human of monsters, not just in their sometimes-anthropomorphic appearance, but in their characters. They’re the best of it all and the worst, the most benevolent and the most brutal.”

What its name means: From the Greek word for messenger.

What it looks like: Most of the time, angels are described as looking like humans. And keep in mind, Hamori says, that they’re not White; they’d look like the people of the region — that is, Middle Eastern.

One aspect that’s never mentioned? Nowhere in the Bible are angels said to have wings.

They’re shapeshifters, taking other forms now and then. In Daniel 10:5-8, an angel is described as having a body like a gemstone, arms and legs like burnished bronze, a face like lightning and eyes like flaming torches. And the angel who led the Israelites through the desert appeared as a pillar of smoke during the day and a pillar of fire at night.

What it does: Most of the time, angels scare people, even when they come in peace. They tell Mary she’s going to give birth to God’s son, save Hagar and her son, Ishmael, and guard the Israelites during the Exodus. 

But they’re not always so benign. They’re also God’s warriors. One angel slaughters 185,000 Assyrians while they sleep. When Herod Agrippa is greeted like a god by the people, an angel strikes him down. He’s eaten by worms and then dies. “Not the other way around,” Hamori points out (Acts 12: 21-23).

And then there are the angels from the book of Revelation. At the end of the world, they’ll be throwing people into the fires of Hell for eternal punishment, and they’ll unleash hail and fire mixed with blood, throw a fiery mountain into the sea, poison the Earth’s freshwater, darken the sun, moon and stars, and unleash hybrid locust monsters.

See also: The Destroying Angel, the Destroyer

Azazel

What its name means: His name basically means The Goat That Departs.

What it looks like: Not sure

What it does: A goat (i.e., scapegoat) is designated “for Azazel” and carries off the burden of the people’s sins (Leviticus 16:8-10). (Sounds a bit like Jesus, doesn’t it?)

cherub / cherubim (plural)

“Like so many biblical monsters, the cherubim have been tamed over the centuries,” Hamori writes. “Their case is especially severe: They’ve been literally infantilized. Cherubim are imagined now as happy, fat angel babies. To the writers of the Bible, this image would be unrecognizable. They knew cherubim as something far more beastly, and far less friendly.”

What its name means: The Hebrew word is related to an Akkadian term for a type of hybrid monster.

What it looks like: This is where it gets confusing. They’re never clearly described in the Bible, though it’s thought they could be related to other guardian hybrids, like the lamassu of Assyria: winged lions or bulls with human heads.

But then there are the cherubim the prophet Ezekiel saw in a vision: “Their bodies appear humanoid, but they have four wings, straight legs with the hooves of a calf, and under their wings, human hands. Each cherub has four faces: those of a human being, a lion, an ox and an eagle,” Hamori writes. “But when he sees them again later, the four faces are those of a cherub, a human being, a lion and an eagle.”

So what exactly is the face of a cherub? Something indescribable? Or the four faces originally seen? If that sounds too bizarre to even consider, things get even more psychedelic: Their bodies sparkle like bronze, entirely covered with eyes and morphing to become a living chariot to carry God. 

And then they show up in the book of Revelations, which is one batshit crazy hallucination after another. The cherubim here still have four faces (though this time they’re of a lion, calf, human and eagle), and they’re still covered with eyes. But now they have six wings as well as hands, which they use to hold harps and golden bowls “full of the wrath of God” (Revelation 5:8-9; 15:7). 

What it does: They’re God’s bouncers, bodyguards and getaway drivers, Hamori tells us. God stationed cherubim at the gates of Eden to prevent Adam and Eve from reentering paradise. Statues of cherubim are also put to work guarding the Ark of the Covenant, where God resides on earth. (They seem a bit superfluous, since the ark, stolen by the Philistines, destroyed a statue of Dagon, one of the gods of the Old Testament, all by itself.)

As a chariot in Ezekiel’s vision, the cherubim flap their wings, which make a deafening noise. They’re fond of singing hymns and praising God. They also hand over the coals God uses to burn down Jerusalem. 

demon

In the Old Testament, demons are called upon to do some of God’s dirty work — though they’re not nearly as bloodthirsty as angels. “By the New Testament period, demons are definitively associated with Satan and are fully excised from the divine entourage,” Hamori writes. “God has banished his demons.”

What its name means: From Greek, describing an evil or unclean spirit

What it looks like: As vivid as later depictions of demons as hybrid horrors are, they’re glossed over in the Bible.

What it does: “If angels are the most like us, demons are the least,” Hamori writes. “They exist to cause harm. In the Hebrew Bible, they often take the form of plague, pestilence and disease. In the Gospels, an embarrassment of demons causes all manner of illness and disability.”

The Destroyer

What its name means: From a Hebrew word meaning “the Destroyer”

What it looks like: No description in the Bible

What it does: The Destroyer is the angel that murders all of the unprotected firstborn children in Egypt on God’s behalf during the 10th plague.

The Destroying Angel

What its name means: Pretty self-evident

What it looks like: A giant filling the sky, with a massive sword drawn

What it does: Don’t confuse this guy with the Destroyer, though they’re both capable of mass murder. 

giant

What its name means: Giant has an obvious translation, but the ancient Israelites used the name of one group of rivals, the Rephaim, as a generic term for giants.

What it looks like:  The bed of King Og, ruler of the Rephaim, gives us a clue as to their size: It’s 13.5 feet long and 6 feet wide. And the infamous Philistine warrior Goliath came in at over 9.5 feet tall.

What it does: They live in Canaan, a place where the people have been monsterized, turned into supersized cannibals. And so, in turn, they’re described as dehumanized foreigners (never mind that they were actually the indigenous inhabitants) that are “giants to be slain, food to be eaten, and animals to be killed,” Hamori writes.

Leviathan

What its name means: Coming from a Hebrew word, the name means something like the Twisted or Coiled One.

What it looks like: The primordial sea monster’s form is somewhat left to the imagination, though we get this description in Job:

His sneezes flash forth light; his eyes are like the eyelids of the dawn. 
Out of his mouth go flaming torches; sparks of fire escape! 
Out of his nostrils comes smoke, like a basket with bulrushes ablaze.
His breath could kindle coals; flames come out of his mouth. 
In his neck lodges strength; terror dances before him. 
The folds of his flesh cleave together, hard-cast and immovable.
His chest is hard as a rock, hard as the bottom grinding stone.
When he rises up, gods fear! at the crashing, they are beside themselves. (Job 41:18-25)

The beast evolves dramatically in the book of Revelation, becoming a giant red dragon with seven heads.

What it does: “The sea monster is God’s forever foe, fought and slain in days already ancient to the biblical writers but promising to resurface for another round, destined to be slain again in the most distant future,” Hamori writes.

Psalm 104:26 has a different take: It mentions Leviathan, declaring: “whom you formed in order to play with him.” Is this eternal battle with Leviathan just a game to God? 

Job once more has the most poetic descriptions of Leviathan: 

A sword reaching him will not endure, nor spear, dart or javelin.
He thinks of iron as straw, and bronze as rotten wood.
The arrow cannot make him flee; sling-stones become chaff to him. 
Clubs are reckoned as chaff; he laughs at the shaking of javelins. 

His underparts are like the sharpest of potsherds; he crawls like a threshing sledge in the mud.
He makes the deep boil like a cauldron; he makes the sea like a pot of ointment.
Behind him, he leaves a shining wake; one would think the deep to be white-haired. 
He has no equal upon the earth, a created thing without fear. 
He looks upon everything lofty, he is king over all the proud. (Job 41:12-34)

Mavet (aka Death)

What its name means: Death

What it looks like: He has an enormous mouth to feed his rapacious appetite.

What it does: “Mavet has come up through our windows, he has come into our palaces, to exterminate the children from the streets, the young men from the town squares” (Jeremiah 9:21). 

But you know him better as the Fourth Horseman of the Apocalypse: He’s the last to come, riding a pale horse. His mission? Kill one-quarter of the Earth’s population.

nephilim

What its name means: The word may mean something like “monstrous births.” It has to do with falling and is used to describe fetuses that are “fallen” — that is, miscarried. 

What it looks like: Hybrids who are the offspring of the daughters of men raped by the sons of God (lower-level divine beings, and not angels, Hamori points out). In one mention in Genesis, the nephilim are also described as giants.

What it does: The name is used to describe an ethnic group of “mighty men” from the land of Canaan.

See also: giant

Qetev

What its name means: Scholars aren’t sure and have translated it in a variety of ways, including Destruction or the Sting.

What it looks like: No description provided

What it does: In one story, he’s a destructive force of nature: “a whirlwind of Qetev, like a storm of mighty overflowing water he hurls down to the earth with his hand” (Isaiah 28:2).

Resheph (aka Plague)

What its name means: We’re not sure, though it’s most often translated as Plague.

What it looks like: Outside of the Bible, he’s a god who shoots poisonous flaming arrows.

What it does: He liked to use fire and lightning to kill people at God’s behest.

Satan (aka the Adversary)

What its name means: Satan is the Hebrew word for adversary.

What it looks like: Forget the red skin, horns, cloven hooves and tail. There’s no real description of the adversary in the Bible. 

Adversaries can make themselves invisible, though (just not to donkeys, apparently).

What it does: The prophet Balaam was doing what God asked him to do — and yet he got a sword-wielding angel called a satan sent to murder him. 

Tip: Ride a donkey. Somehow the donkey, not known as the fastest or most agile of beasts, evades the satan’s attack not once but three times. 

It’s in the story of Job that things take a much darker turn. God and the Adversary (now capital A, in his official role as prosecutor in the heavenly court) decide to punish another innocent man, this time to see if he wavers in his faith to God. It’s some sort of sadistic experiment. 

So, the Adversary summarily kills all of Job’s livestock and most of his servants. As if that’s not enough, he then sends a windstorm to blow down a house, which collapses, crushing all 10 of Job’s kids to death. Oh, and then they throw in some torture for good measure. Job’s body is covered with painful boils from head to foot.

seraph / seraphim (plural)

Much more impressive than their snakelike cousins, seraphim are mentioned in a vision the prophet Isaiah has, where he sees the giant form of God sitting on a throne in the Jerusalem Temple. He’s surrounded by seraphim calling out, “Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of Armies!” (Isaiah 6:3).

What its name means:  The Hebrew word suggests burning; essentially these are “burners.”

Keep in mind that “all translation is interpretation,” Hamori writes. “In this case, translators decide that Isaiah’s heavenly seraphim are unrelated to the deadly seraphim-serpents in other texts — and so they leave the Hebrew word seraphim untranslated only in Isaiah 6. Readers then have the impression that these creatures are unconnected.”

What it looks like: They have six wings. In Isaiah’s vision, two cover their faces; two cover their feet (a euphemism for genitals in the Bible); and two are used to fly. They’ve also got humanoid hands and feet, as well the body of a snake.

What it does: Isaiah stupidly mentions that his lips are “unclean” — so a seraph takes a burning coal and shoves it on his mouth. After performing this horrifying act, “the seraph explains the logic of this assault,” Hamori writes. “It’s to get rid of Isaiah’s sin.”

seraph-serpent / seraphim-serpents (plural)

During the Exodus, the wandering Jews couldn’t catch a break. After they had suffered from dehydration and disease, God sicced a swarm of poisonous snakes called seraphim-serpents on them (Numbers 21:4-9).

What its name means: Again, the Hebrew word roughly translates to “burners.”

What it looks like: This is a much less intense version of the heavenly seraphim. It’s a deadly snake with a bite of burning poison.

What it does: Kill numerous people with its lethal venom. Tip: To cure those who haven’t yet succumbed to the agonizing pain, create a seraph (Moses made his out of bronze), put it on a pole — and, in a bit of sympathetic magic, when the inflicted look upon it, they’ll be miraculously cured. 

spirit

What its name means: The Hebrew word for spirit is ruah, which also means wind or breath.

What it looks like: In 1 Kings, a “spirit — which you’d think by definition, should be disembodied — comes forward from the group and stands before God,” Hamori writes. “It’s only when the spirit crosses into the human realm that it shapeshifts, as if disintegrating into myriad invisible particles that can enter the mouths of four hundred prophets.”

What it does: In 1 Samuel, we learn why Saul gets rejected by God. He’s told to slaughter every last Amalekite — but Saul has the gaul to spare one single life: that of the king. For this, he’s abandoned by God, who chooses David instead. The merciful Saul is punished, “tormented by an evil spirit that ravages his mind, sending him into fits of frenzied violence,” Hamori writes.

When they’re not driving people insane, God’s evil spirits also sow discord, as one does with Sennacherib: “I will put a spirit in him and he will hear a rumor, and he will return to his land and I will make him fall by the sword of his own hand,” God says in 2 Kings 19:6-7. (Sure enough, the king heads home — and is promptly murdered by his sons.)

Is God the Real Monster?

Esther J. Hamori’s book God's Monsters challenges the sanitized interpretations of biblical creatures and forces us to confront a more terrifying and complex vision of God. 

“We’ve seen this God do bad, bad things,” Hamori writes. “He rarely does his own dirty work, instead deploying an array of monstrous creatures to get the job done, and always just the right monster for the moment: seraphim to threaten and intimidate people into submission, cherubim to guard the gateways and periodically to burn down portions of the earth and usher in divine destroyers, the Adversary to condemn and torture the innocent, spirits to gaslight, demons to destroy, and for a good old-fashioned slaying, perhaps an angel (if the angels aren’t too busy dragging people to hell or murdering masses of the earth’s population.”

The God of the Old Testament has long been understood to be a more angry, vengeful and even petty deity, especially when contrasted with the more compassionate figure of the New Testament. But the harsher aspects of God’s character have been whitewashed over time, likely because they make people uncomfortable. Hamori presents God not as a benevolent figure but one who commands a terrifying and violent entourage to enforce his will. In many ways, that makes him the biggest monster of all. –Wally

Best Things to Do in Dubai With Kids

Here are Dubai’s top family activities. Explore the Dubai Miracle Garden and IMG Worlds of Adventure for an unforgettable day. And, surprise: One’s actually indoors!

The Spider-Man Doc Ock’s Revenge ride at IMG Worlds of Adventure

Dubai, known for its towering skyscrapers and luxury shopping, is also a paradise for families. A variety of over-the-top activities in Dubai cater to children and provide unforgettable experiences. 

Whether it’s exploring lush gardens or embarking on thrilling adventures, Dubai has something for every family. From the magnificent flower arrangements at the Dubai Miracle Garden to the adrenaline-pumping rides and superheroes at IMG Worlds of Adventure, the city ensures endless fun and excitement for kids and adults alike. 

Note: In most parts of the world, you’d expect an amusement park to be an outdoor attraction. But this is Dubai, where the average temperature soars to around 97°F (36°C). That’s why IMG Worlds of Adventure is indoors (and yes, air-conditioned!), ensuring a comfortable way to beat the heat.

The garden, by necessity, is outdoors, which is why I recommend starting your day there.

Morning: Explore the Dubai Miracle Garden

Dubai Miracle Garden is a floral wonderland in the heart of the desert. Opened on Valentine’s Day in 2013, the Dubai Miracle Garden is a marvel of modern horticulture, renowned for its record-breaking achievements and sustainable practices. As the world’s largest flower garden, it spans over 775,000 square feet (72,000 square meters) and showcases more than 150 million flowers arranged in vibrant and imaginative displays. 

In 2023, the garden further solidified its place in the record books with the largest vertical garden, reflecting its innovative use of space and greenery. 

Beyond its breathtaking displays, Dubai Miracle Garden is a leader in sustainable gardening. The garden employs a state-of-the-art drip irrigation system that recycles wastewater, ensuring efficient water use essential for maintaining its lush landscapes in Dubai’s arid climate. 

Organic fertilizers are used to nourish the plants, reducing the reliance on chemical-based alternatives and promoting eco-friendly gardening practices. 

Additionally, solar panels power various installations within the garden, minimizing the carbon footprint and harnessing renewable energy sources.

The garden also engages the community through educational programs and workshops, raising awareness about sustainability and environmental conservation. 

Why it’s a great spot for families: Dubai Miracle Garden offers a magical experience for families. The vibrant colors and creative designs captivate children’s imaginations, while parents can appreciate the artistry and effort behind each display. With themed areas, interactive spots and plenty of photo opportunities, it’s a destination that delights all ages.

Must-See Attractions at Dubai Miracle Garden

Heart Passage

Heart Passage at Dubai Miracle Garden is a romantic and enchanting floral tunnel formed by a series of heart arches. Adorned with vibrant flowers, this passage creates a picturesque walkway perfect for family photos. Walking through Heart Passage feels like stepping into a fairy tale, making it a favorite spot for visitors of all ages.

Airbus A380 Floral Display

One of the garden’s most iconic features is the life-size replica of an Emirates Airbus A380, which holds the Guinness World Record for the largest floral installation. This colossal structure is adorned with 500,000 fresh flowers and plants, covering 10% of the garden’s total area. 

The intricate design and sheer size of the display leave visitors in awe. Children are fascinated by seeing an airplane made of flowers, and it provides a unique and memorable photo opportunity for families. 

Disney Avenue

Disney Avenue at Dubai Miracle Garden brings beloved Mouse House characters to life through vibrant floral sculptures, including Mickey, Minnie, Donald and Daisy Duck, Goofy, Pluto, and Huey, Dewey and Louie. The colorful displays and familiar characters create a whimsical atmosphere that kids will adore. 

One of these has been dubbed the tallest topiary sculpture in the world: the 59-foot (18-meter) tall depiction of Mickey Mouse, which earned a Guinness World Record in 2018. 

Families can take delightful photos with the floral versions of their favorite Disney characters, making it a magical experience that adds to the garden’s charm and appeal.

Floral Castles

The Floral Castles are majestic structures adorned with a stunning array of flowers, creating a fairy tale ambiance. These towering structures, covered in blooms of various colors, are a favorite among visitors. Children can let their imaginations run wild as they explore the enchanting flower fortresses. The Floral Castles provide a picturesque setting for family photos and offer a sense of wonder and delight.

Butterfly Garden

Adjacent to Dubai Miracle Garden, the Butterfly Garden is home to over 15,000 butterflies from around the world. This enclosed garden offers an interactive and educational experience, where children can learn about different butterfly species and observe them in their natural habitat. The Butterfly Garden’s lush environment and vibrant butterflies create a captivating and serene atmosphere. It’s a nice complement to the floral displays of Dubai Miracle Garden, providing families with a closer connection to nature and a memorable visit.

Practical Information

Tickets: Tickets for Dubai Miracle Garden can be purchased both online and at the gate. For the best experience and to avoid long queues, it’s recommended to buy Dubai Miracle Garden tickets in advance online. Prices vary, with discounts often available for children, seniors and families. Additionally, combo tickets that include entry to the Butterfly Garden are available for a complete experience.

Opening hours and best months to visit: Dubai Miracle Garden is open from November to April, aligning with Dubai’s cooler months. The garden typically opens from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. on weekdays, and until 11 p.m. on weekends. Early mornings and weekdays are the best times to visit to avoid crowds and enjoy the displays at a leisurely pace.

Afternoon: Thrills at IMG Worlds of Adventure

After a delightful morning at Dubai Miracle Garden, head to IMG Worlds of Adventure for an afternoon of excitement. This indoor theme park is one of the largest in the world, covering an area of 1.5 million square feet (about 140,000 square meters).

Why it’s a great spot for families: IMG Worlds of Adventure offers a combination of beloved characters, heart-pounding rides and immersive experiences for all age groups. From Marvel superheroes to Cartoon Network characters, the park brings fantasy worlds to life. With its climate-controlled environment, it’s an ideal place to escape the heat and enjoy hours of fun.

Must-See Attractions at IMG Worlds

Marvel Zone: Superhero-Themed Rides and Shows

The Marvel Zone at IMG Worlds of Adventure is a playground for fanboys and girls. This section of the park features thrilling rides and attractions based on popular Marvel characters such as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Thor and the Hulk. Highlights include the Hulk Epsilon Base 3D, a multisensory ride that takes guests on an epic adventure with the green superhero, and Avengers: Battle of Ultron, an immersive experience where fans join Earth’s Mightiest Heroes in a high-stakes showdown.

Additionally, the zone offers more interactive experiences and live shows, allowing families to meet their favorite heroes and enjoy action-packed entertainment. 

Cartoon Network Zone: Kid-Friendly Attractions and Interactive Experiences

The Cartoon Network Zone brings beloved cartoon characters to life, providing a playful and engaging environment for children. Attractions include rides themed around shows like The Powerpuff Girls, Ben 10 and Adventure Time. The Ben 10 5D Hero Time ride offers an immersive experience with special effects and a thrilling storyline. 

Kids can also enjoy interactive play areas, meet-and-greets with their favorite characters and live shows. This zone’s focus on fun and creativity ensures a delightful visit for young visitors, making it a fave spot within IMG Worlds of Adventure.

Lost Valley – Dinosaur Adventure: Thrilling Rides and Prehistoric Encounters

Lost Valley – Dinosaur Adventure transports visitors back in time to encounter life-sized animatronic dinosaurs and exhilarating rides like the Velociraptor roller coaster. The Forbidden Territory ride allows families to explore a dinosaur-filled jungle in specially designed vehicles. 

Interactive experiences and educational exhibits provide insights into the world of dinosaurs, making it both fun and informative. The combination of thrills and learning opportunities makes Lost Valley a captivating zone for families visiting IMG Worlds of Adventure.

IMG Boulevard: Shops, Restaurants and Live Entertainment

IMG Boulevard serves as the central hub of IMG Worlds of Adventure, offering a variety of shops, restaurants and entertainment options. Visitors can have meals at themed eateries, shop for souvenirs and branded merch, and watch live performances. 

The Haunted Hotel isn’t a hotel you can actually stay in — thankfully, for the faint of heart — but rather an immersive walk-through attraction designed to give you chills. As you venture through the dimly lit corridors, you’ll encounter eerie rooms and unexpected scares around every corner. The setting mimics the atmosphere of an abandoned, decrepit hotel, complete with creepy characters and spine-tingling surprises. Each room has its own horror theme, keeping the suspense alive as you never know what might be lurking in the shadows. 

IMG Boulevard’s diverse offerings make it a perfect place to relax and recharge between adventures, enhancing the overall experience of visiting the theme park.

Practical Information

Tickets: Tickets for IMG Worlds of Adventure can be bought online or at the entrance. To make the most of your visit and avoid waiting in line, it’s advisable to purchase IMG World tickets in advance online. Ticket prices vary, with options for single-day entry, fast track access and annual passes. Discounts are often available for children, seniors and groups.

Opening hours and best times to visit: IMG Worlds of Adventure is open year-round, with daily operating hours typically from 11 a.m. to 10 p.m. The park is busiest on weekends and holidays, so visiting on weekdays or during off-peak hours can provide a more relaxed experience. Arriving early can help you enjoy the most popular attractions without long waits.

The Perfect Day: Dubai’s Top Family Attractions

Dubai is a city that offers an endless array of activities for families, ensuring a memorable vacation for all. There are some amazing Dubai museums, but sometimes you want something a little less educational and more exciting. Fear not: From the enchanting blooms of Dubai Miracle Garden to the thrilling escapades at IMG Worlds of Adventure, there’s something to delight every member of the family. By exploring these two top attractions, you’ll experience the versatility and magic that make Dubai a premier family-friendly destination. Whether you’re wandering through flower-covered pathways or meeting your favorite superheroes, Dubai promises an unforgettable journey filled with joy and wonder. –Karan Arora

Centre Pompidou Málaga: A Modern Art Marvel

El Cubo, as locals call it, a museum located in Málaga’s vibrant port, is anything but boring. This dazzling structure, designed by Daniel Buren, houses a captivating collection of avant-garde art.

The surprising multicolored cube on Málaga’s port is a branch of the Centre Pompidou, Paris’ modern art museum.

When I was in high school, my French class took a trip to Paris, and it was there that I first laid eyes on the Centre Pompidou. The building’s exterior, with its industrial ductwork winding up like a scarlet-bellied serpent, and a pair of cherry red lips spouting water in the fountain, captivated my youthful imagination. 

But if you thought the Centre Pompidou was just that quirky building in Paris, think again. The avant-garde behemoth has spawned a sibling in Málaga, Spain; the city famous for its hometown homeboy, Picasso, and amazing Moorish landmarks like the Alcazaba and Gibralfaro, got a bit of Parisian modern art chic.

“The project was initially conceived as a limited five-year venture.

It has proven so successful, Málaga has decided, with Paris’ agreement, to extend its lease until 2034.”

Various sculptures are put on temporary display outside of the museum.

Why Málaga?

The project was initially conceived as a limited five-year venture between Málaga’s mayor, Francisco de la Torre, and the Centre Pompidou’s president, Serge Lasvignes. The French institution agreed to lend its brand name, curatorial expertise and artworks from its Paris HQ to the chic port city of Málaga in the South of Spain. This cultural experiment provided the perfect canvas for the Centre’s first foray outside France. It has proven so successful, Málaga has decided, with Paris’ agreement, to extend its lease until 2034.

Daniel Buren came up with the whimsical design.

The Colorful Genius and Bold Design of Daniel Buren

The Centre Pompidou Malaga isn’t just a museum — it’s a statement. You can’t miss it. Its design is as bold as its Parisian parent’s. But instead of resembling a building turned inside out, the Pompidou Málaga looks like a giant Rubik’s Cube made of glass was plopped down in the city’s port. It’s the brainchild of French artist Daniel Buren, renowned for his use of bold colors and geometric patterns.

Buren takes an in situ approach, which is a fancy way of saying he integrates his pieces directly into their environments, creating site-specific art that interacts with its surroundings. And that’s certainly the case with El Cubo (the Cube), as the Málaga Pompidou is affectionately called. A transparent, multicolored structure serves as the entrance to the subterranean museum space. Its design is a sharp contrast to the traditional Spanish architecture around it, making it a standout landmark. 

Buren’s use of color and light transforms the cube into a dynamic piece of art, changing its appearance with the movement of the sun and the seasons. It’s as much a work of art as those found within. Try walking by at different times (sunrise or night, in particular) to see how light plays upon the façade.

The museum opened in 2015 for a short stint — but it has obviously done well enough to extend its agreement through 2034.

The Pompidou Málaga’s Opening Act

When it first opened in 2015, the Centre Pompidou Málaga was met with a mix of excitement…and skepticism. Art critics and the public alike were curious about how this Parisian transplant would fit into the cultural tapestry of Málaga. But The Guardian gushed, “The Centre Pompidou in Málaga represents a bold cultural experiment, bridging the artistic ethos of Paris with the vibrant spirit of southern Spain.”

Meanwhile, El País highlighted the architectural contrast: “Daniel Buren’s colorful cube stands as a beacon of modernity against Málaga’s historic skyline, symbolizing the city’s commitment to contemporary art.”

Wally and Duke can find modern art to be hit or miss — but the Centre Pompidou Málaga was filled with cool, thought-provoking works.

Art and Exhibitions at the Pompidou Málaga

But the Centre Pompidou in Málaga isn’t just a pretty cube — it’s a treasure trove of modern masterpieces that would make any modern art lover swoon.

The permanent collection is a curated selection of works from the vast repository of the Centre Pompidou in Paris. It spans the 20th and 21st centuries, showcasing iconic pieces from celebrated artists such as Francis Bacon, Frida Kahlo, Joan Miró — and, por supuesto, Pablo Picasso. 

Lipstick by František Kupka, 1908

Bal au Moulin de la Galette by Raoul Dufy, circa 1943

Children and Lanterns by Tadé Makowski, 1929

These works are arranged thematically rather than chronologically, providing visitors with a fresh perspective on modern art movements and their interconnectedness. The themes often explore major artistic movements and their cultural contexts. You might find rooms dedicated to Cubism, Surrealism or Abstract Expressionism. This approach not only highlights the evolution of styles but also the ongoing dialogue between artists across different periods and geographies.

Hollywood Sleep by Jean Cocteau, 1953

Suddenly Last Summer by Martial Raysse, 1936

During our visit, we caught the temporary exhibition Un Tiempo Propio (or Time for Yourself for those of you who don’t speak Spanish), a spirited rebuke of the relentless demands imposed by our digital calendars. Showcasing the works of 90 artists, the exhibit delved into the theme of leisure, encouraging a pause from the daily grind. It served as a refreshing reminder to reclaim our time and disconnect, if only momentarily, from the buzz of notifications and schedules — a true celebration of the art of relaxation and the simple joys of free time.

We Stopped Just Here at the Time by Ernesto Neto, 2002

One of our favorite exhibits in Un Tiempo Proprio was by Ernesto Neto, the Brazilian maestro of the bizarre: We Stopped Just Here at the Time. This artwork was a captivating display of suspended bags filled with aromatic herbs like rosemary, parsley and thyme. The installation reminded me of a forest of hanging testicles (paging Doctor Freud!), creating a whimsical and immersive environment that invited visitors to bask in the earthy fragrances and stare, mesmerized, at the organic forms swaying gently.

Ettore Sottsass’ Flying Carpet Armchair

Sottsass’ designs are somehow retro and modern at the same time, like this minimal mint green cabinet.

We also enjoyed the Ettore Sottsass: Magical Thinking exhibition, which showcased over 100 pieces of Sottsass’ groundbreaking work. These retro-futuristic items in bright colors reminded me of Fisher-Price children’s toys, highlighting the designer’s playful approach. Sottsass was a key figure in the Memphis movement of the 1980s, which revolutionized design with its bold use of color, geometric shapes and whimsical patterns. The postmodern movement rejected minimalism in favor of a more expressive, emotionally engaging style. The exhibit captured this ethos, blending fun and sophistication in a way that made each piece feel both nostalgic and cutting-edge​. 

The Basilico Teapot

Cherry Model Teapot

it wouldn’t be a modern art museum without a creepy clown.

Discovering the Unexpected at the Pompidou Málaga

Duke and I were thoroughly impressed with the Centre Pompidou Málaga, where we encountered a captivating variety of art that was both thought-provoking and immersive. We spent a delightful couple of hours there, exploring the museum’s strange and intriguing pieces, each offering a unique perspective on modern art. The experience exceeded our expectations and was a refreshing contrast to what we consider the less inspiring exhibitions that the Museum of Contemporary Art in Chicago has featured in recent years. 

The variety of exhibits at the Centre Pompidou Málaga ensures that whether you’re a seasoned art critic or a curious traveler, there’s something that will capture your imagination and perhaps even challenge your understanding of what art can be. So, the next time you find yourself in Málaga, make sure to descend into El Cubo — you just might discover your new favorite artist or a whole new way of looking at the world. –Wally

There are lots of different areas to explore at the Centre Pompidou Málaga, but they can all be done in a couple of hours.

The lowdown

The Centre Pompidou in Malaga is located in the city’s vibrant port area, making it easily accessible. 

Hours of operation

Monday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday: 9:30 a.m. to 8 p.m.

Saturday and Sunday: 9:30 a.m. to 8:30 p.m.

Tuesday: Closed (except on public holidays)

Holidays: Open with extended hours; always check the official website for up-to-date holiday hours.

Admission costs

General admission: €9

Reduced admission: €5.50 (available for seniors over 65, students under 26 and large families)

Free admission: For children under 18, unemployed individuals and visitors with disabilities (with one companion)

Special free hours: On Sundays from 4 p.m. to closing, and all day on certain designated dates (such as International Museum Day)

Exit through the gift shop.

Tips for visitors

Advance tickets: It’s a good idea to purchase tickets online in advance to avoid long lines, especially on weekends and holidays.

Guided tours: Consider booking a guided tour to get the most out of your visit. Tours are available in multiple languages and offer deeper insights into the exhibitions.

Accessibility: The Centre Pompidou is fully accessible to visitors with disabilities. Elevators and ramps are available, and wheelchairs can be borrowed at the information desk.

Photography: Photography without flash is allowed in most areas.

Coat/bag check: Leave your bags and coats to make it easier to enjoy the exhibits unburdened.

Gift shop: Exit through the gift shop, where you can pick up some cool souvenirs or gifts.

Centre Pompidou Málaga

Pasaje Doctor Carrillo Casaux
Muelle Uno
Puerto de Málaga
29001 Málaga
Spain

 

British Cuisine: A Culinary Adventure

A sampling of traditional British food explained, including a full English breakfast, Yorkshire pudding, haggis, and bangers and mash. 

When you think of British food, hearty, comforting dishes often come to mind. This guide takes you on a delicious journey through British cuisine, exploring the history of iconic meals and revealing where to find the best of them. 

For a truly immersive experience, consider indulging in wine and dine hotel breaks in the United Kingdom to elevate your culinary adventure. These special hotel packages include both accommodation and a gourmet dining experience, especially popular for short getaways. 

“Scotland’s national dish, haggis, is a savory pudding made from sheep’s heart, liver and lungs, mixed with onions, oatmeal and spices, all encased in the sheep’s stomach. ”

A Journey Through Regional U.K. Specialties

The full English breakfast

Start your day the British way with a full English breakfast. This robust morning meal features eggs, bacon, sausages, black pudding (aka blood sausage), baked beans, tomatoes and mushrooms, and is often accompanied by toast or fried bread. 

Dating back to the early 1800s, this breakfast staple was designed to fuel workers for the day ahead. 

Variations like Scottish and Irish breakfasts add regional twists, showcasing local products and cooking methods. An Irish breakfast might include white pudding (no blood involved) and soda bread, while a Scottish version could swap black pudding for haggis — a savory “pudding” made with sheep offal (more on this later). 

Yorkshire pudding and Sunday roast

Head north to Yorkshire for a taste of their famous Yorkshire pudding, a savory delight traditionally served with Sunday roast. This classic British meal includes roasted meat, potatoes, vegetables and plenty of gravy. Yorkshire pudding, made from meat drippings — the juices and fat that accumulate at the bottom of a roasting pan — has roots going back to the 18th century. Today, countless pubs and restaurants across the U.K. serve this cherished dish, particularly on Sundays.

Fish and chips

No discussion of British cuisine is complete without fish and chips. This beloved dish, featuring battered and deep-fried fish with thick-cut chips (what Americans call French fries), originated in the 19th century. Jewish immigrants introduced fried fish, while the working class embraced potatoes. Coastal towns like Whitby and Brighton are famed for their fresh, seaside-sourced fish and chips.

The Welsh cawl

Welsh cuisine’s standout dish, cawl, is a hearty soup made from lamb or beef, leeks, potatoes and other root vegetables. Perfect for winter, cawl reflects Wales’ agricultural heritage. Enjoy it with crusty bread and cheese in a Cardiff pub or a rural Welsh village for an authentic experience.

Scottish haggis

Scotland’s national dish, haggis, is a savory pudding made from sheep’s heart, liver and lungs, mixed with onions, oatmeal and spices, all encased in the sheep’s stomach. Despite its unusual ingredients, haggis is cherished for its rich flavor and cultural significance. Traditionally served with neeps (turnips) and tatties (potatoes), you can find haggis across Scotland, especially during Burns Night in January.

Historical Influences on British Cuisine

The Impact of the British Empire

The British Empire’s extensive reach brought a diverse array of global flavors to the U.K., transforming British cuisine in remarkable ways.

India: Spices like turmeric, cumin and coriander became staples in Britain, leading to popular dishes such as chicken tikka masala and various curries.

China: The British fascination with tea from China led to the development of afternoon tea, a beloved tradition featuring tea accompanied by scones, finger sandwiches and pastries.

The Caribbean: Sugar from the Caribbean revolutionized British desserts, introducing sweet treats like treacle tart and fruitcake, as well as the use of molasses in baking.

Africa: Ingredients like yams and plantains found their way into British kitchens, enriching the culinary landscape with new textures and flavors.

Australia: Lamb from Australia influenced British meat dishes, while exotic fruits like kiwis and passionfruit added a new dimension to British desserts.

These global influences melded with traditional British cooking to create a rich and varied culinary heritage, reflecting the empire’s far-reaching connections.

The Rise of Pub Culture

British pubs are more than just places to drink; they’re community hubs offering traditional English fare. Pub grub includes traditional fare like:

Steak and ale pie

This hearty dish features tender beef stewed in rich ale, encased in a flaky pastry crust. It’s a comforting classic often served with mashed potatoes and vegetables.

Bangers and mash

A traditional favorite, this dish consists of sausages (bangers) served with creamy mashed potatoes (mash) and usually accompanied by a savory onion gravy.

Ploughman’s lunch

A cold meal typically including cheese, pickles, bread and cold meats, often served with chutney and salad. It’s a staple in pubs, offering a simple yet satisfying option.

Enjoy these classics in the convivial atmosphere of a local pub, accompanied by regional ales and ciders.

Where to Savor Authentic British Flavors

London’s Diverse Food Scene

London’s food culture is a blend of tradition and modernity. Borough Market and Covent Garden are hotspots for British cuisine, offering everything from artisanal cheeses to savory pies. 

The city’s dining establishments range from traditional to contemporary, providing a true taste of Britain’s culinary heritage. 

London is a world-class dining city, home to numerous Michelin-starred restaurants and innovative chefs who push culinary boundaries. 

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MORE: British Slang That Confuses Americans

Whether you’re in the mood for a classic pub meal or an avant-garde dining experience, London’s vibrant and diverse food scene has something for everyone.

Coastal Culinary Adventures

For seafood enthusiasts, the U.K.’s coastal regions are a treasure trove of fresh fish and shellfish. Savor smoked salmon from Scotland, and shellfish like scallops, mussels and oysters, some of the finest in the world. In Whitby, enjoy kippers, a type of smoked herring, while Wales offers delicacies such as cockles (mollusks that are usually steamed or boiled) and laverbread, a traditional seaweed dish. And Cornwall is famous for its crab and lobster. 

Cornish pasty

While you’re in Cornwall, try a Cornish pasty: diced meat (traditionally beef), potatoes, turnips (swedes) and onions encased in a sturdy, crimped pastry shell, making it a convenient and hearty meal for miners and other laborers. Today, it remains a popular British snack, enjoyed hot or cold.

Countryside Retreats

The British countryside, with its cozy pubs and charming restaurants, is perfect for a gastronomic tour. Wine and dine U.K. hotel breaks are popular among tourists, offering comfortable stays and meals featuring British recipes and seasonal ingredients.

A Flavorful Tour of British Cuisine 

British cuisine, with its comforting yet exciting variety, reflects the diverse regions of the United Kingdom. From a full English breakfast to haggis, each dish tells a story of the land and its people. 

Whether you’re enjoying lunch in a village pub, savoring seafood on the coast, or munching on fish and chips by the seaside, the flavors of Britain will leave a lasting impression. –Mashum Mollah

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11 Factors to Consider When Comparing Travel Insurance Plans

How to choose the best travel insurance to suit your needs, including coverage, costs and key features. 

Severely delayed or canceled flights, lost or stolen luggage, natural disasters, political turmoil in your destination country—any of these issues can quickly turn your dream trip into a nightmare. Travel insurance acts as a safety net, making it easier to adjust your travel plans and potentially lower your overall costs.

By covering many of the unexpected costs associated with travel disruptions, you can keep your budget on track and emergency funds intact, so you can focus on enjoying activities like excursions and dining.

What should I look for when comparing travel insurance plans?

Here are the most important factors to consider when comparing travel insurance plans to find the policy that best fits your needs.

1. Policy prices and your budget

Before choosing a travel insurance policy, figure out your total budget and how much you’re willing to pay out-of-pocket for claims (this is known as voluntary excess). For example, with a $200 deductible, you’ll cover the first $200 of any claim. Once you know your budget and deductible, you can narrow down your options accordingly.

A policy with more extensive coverage requires a larger investment but offers protection for a wider range of situations. Basic policies are more affordable but may only cover common travel-related issues, such as trip cancellation and interruption. Consider whether the added assurance of a comprehensive policy is worth the higher cost.

2. Coverage for trip delays, interruptions and cancellations

Travel insurance policies often provide financial protection if your trip gets cancelled, delayed or interrupted. 

A great travel insurance policy will cover things like hotel expenses, the cost of food and drink or other travel expensess when your trip is disrupted.

3. The areas covered by the policy

Travel insurance policies can cover a single country or multiple countries. If you plan on traveling across borders and visiting several countries in a single trip, consider getting an international policy so you have seamless coverage during your travels. However, if you have just one country to visit during your trip, a single-country policy will suffice.

4. The number of countries you’re visiting

There are various types of travel insurance policies available, including those for a single journey, multiple journeys or annual policies for an unlimited amount of travel within a 12-month period.

As the name suggests, a single journey policy covers you for one trip, and you’ll need to specify to your insurance provider which country you’re traveling to. International travel insurance plans cover hundreds of different countries, so you have more freedom to travel wherever you like, while still having some protection with your travel plans.

5. The number of people traveling 

Travel insurance policies can also be split into categories based on how many people are covered in a single policy. For example, you can get a single-person plan that only you can benefit from or a joint policy, where you can share your coverage with another person, whether it’s your partner, sibling, child or even a friend.

If you’re traveling with your entire family, consider getting a family policy. Compared with multiple single-person policies, a family policy often works out cheaper, so you have more to spend on booking the perfect holiday, dining in top-rated restaurants, where you can practice great tipping etiquette.

6. Healthcare coverage

Many travel insurance providers offer health insurance (also called medical insurance) as part of their policies. These policies help pay for access to doctors and other healthcare professionals in your local area when traveling. They may also cover prescription medications and ongoing therapies if you’re managing a chronic health issue.

Healthcare and medical treatments can be expensive in foreign countries, even in places that have free universal healthcare for their citizens. 

7. Coverage limits

Make sure you understand the maximum amount the insurance will pay out for various claims, such as medical expenses, lost luggage or trip cancellations. Some policies may have caps that are lower than what you might need.

8. Exclusions

Review what’s not covered by the policy. Common exclusions can include pre-existing medical conditions, certain activities like extreme sports or travel to specific countries. Insurance providers may exclude coverage for travel to countries that are deemed high-risk due to political instability, war, terrorism or health outbreaks. Examples of countries that might be excluded include Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, North Korea, Libya and Yemen. 

Knowing these exclusions can prevent unpleasant surprises and help you select a policy that aligns with your travel plans.

9. Claims process

Understand how to make a claim, the documentation required and the timeframe for claim submissions. A simple and efficient claim process can make a big difference during a stressful situation.

10. Customer support

Check if the insurance provider offers 24/7 customer support, especially useful when traveling internationally. Immediate assistance can be crucial when dealing with emergencies in different time zones.

11. Repatriation and emergency evacuation

You might want to see if the policy covers the costs of repatriation and emergency evacuation if you fall seriously ill or get injured and need to be transported back home.

Travel Insurance: You’ve Got It Covered

When choosing a travel insurance policy, consider these 11 factors to help ensure you select the best coverage for your needs. Whether it’s protecting yourself against unexpected travel disruptions, covering medical expenses or ensuring your entire family is protected, a well-chosen travel insurance plan can provide peace of mind and financial security. 

Take the time to compare different policies, assess your needs and find the right balance between coverage and cost. With the right travel insurance, you can enjoy your international adventures with confidence, knowing you’re prepared for any unexpected events. Safe travels! –John Moran

The Most Famous Sports Memorabilia — and the Stories Behind Them

From a bitten-off ear to Air Jordans, these sports artifacts have become the stuff of legends, marking record-breaking achievements, infamous incidents and pivotal games by Michael Jordan, Pelé, Babe Ruth and more.

Pelé, Michael Jordan and Babe Ruth are all connected with some of the world’s most famous (and sometimes strange) sports memorabilia.

Sports memorabilia offer a unique glimpse into the history of athletics, capturing moments of triumph, controversy and sheer oddity. From iconic game-worn gear to objects shrouded in superstition, these items tell the stories of the athletes and events that have left an indelible mark on sports history. 

Evander Holyfield’s Ear, Bitten Off by Mike Tyson

In one of the most shocking moments in boxing history, Mike Tyson went full-on Hannibal Lecter and bit off a piece of Evander Holyfield’s ear during their 1997 bout. After the chomp heard ’round the ring, the piece of ear was retrieved from the canvas and sent to the hospital with Holyfield — but doctors were unable to reattach it. This body part has become an infamous piece of sports memorabilia, symbolizing one of the sport’s most controversial incidents. Tyson was disqualified from the fight, and the resulting shock shook the boxing community to its core.

Barry Bonds’ Controversial Asterisk Ball 

When Barry Bonds hit his 756th home run, surpassing Hank Aaron’s long-standing record, controversy wasn’t far behind. The ball, marked with an asterisk, represents the widespread debate over Bonds’ alleged use of performance-enhancing drugs. Still, the famous ball was purchased for $752,467 and later donated to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York. The asterisk on the ball serves as a reminder of the era’s contentious legacy and the ongoing debate about Bonds’ place in baseball history.

Diego Maradona’s “Hand of God” Ball and Jersey 

Diego Maradona’s “Hand of God” goal during the 1986 World Cup quarterfinals against England is one of soccer’s most legendary (and infamous) moments. Using his hand to punch the ball into the net, Maradona’s cheeky maneuver went unnoticed by the referees, leading to a goal that left England fuming and Argentina cheering. The ball and the jersey worn by Maradona during that match have become iconic artifacts. The jersey sold for $9.3 million at auction in 2022, while the ball fetched nearly $2.4 million the same year.

Paul “Bear” Bryant’s Houndstooth Hat 

Paul “Bear” Bryant, one of the most successful college football coaches, is often remembered for his signature houndstooth hat. This hat has come to symbolize Bryant’s legacy at the University of Alabama, where he won six national championships. The hat remains a cherished piece of memorabilia, representing Bryant’s enduring influence on college football. Where to see it? It’s on display at the Paul W. Bryant Museum at Bama in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.

Kirk Gibson’s Pine Tar Bat 

The L.A. Dodgers’ Kirk Gibson was called to pinch-hit in the bottom of the ninth with two outs during the 1988 World Series against the Oakland Athletics. Gibson, hobbling on injured legs — a strained left hamstring and a swollen right knee — hit a dramatic game-winning homer using a bat coated with pine tar for a better grip. The bat sold at an auction for $575,912 and is now a treasured piece of memorabilia symbolizing Gibson’s grit and determination in one of baseball’s most memorable moments​.

The “Curse of the Bambino” Piano 

Legend has it that in 1919, the Boston Red Sox made a fateful decision that would haunt them for nearly a century. They sold Babe Ruth, one of baseball’s greatest players, to the New York Yankees. This transaction not only shifted the balance of power in baseball but also gave rise to the infamous “Curse of the Bambino.” 

The curse began to weave itself into the very fabric of the Red Sox’s identity, as the team went without a World Series title for 86 long years. Superstition and folklore became intertwined with this narrative, with one of the strangest tales involving a piano. It’s rumored that Babe Ruth, in a fit of frustration, threw a piano into a pond on his Sudbury, Massachusetts farm. Despite various searches and efforts to locate it, the piano has never been found — but it has become a symbol that marks the beginning of the Red Sox’s misfortunes.

As fans look back on these monumental moments, many find that Massachusetts sports betting offers a new way to experience the games. It allows them to predict and partake in potential new chapters of success, much like spectators of the past who witnessed the curse’s end, when the Red Sox won the 2004 World Series.

Brazil’s Cursed Jersey of the 1950 World Cup

In one of the greatest upsets in World Cup history, Uruguay defeated Brazil in the 1950 final, an event forever etched in memory as the Maracanazo. Brazil, the overwhelming favorite, was left stunned by Uruguay’s shocking victory. The jersey worn by team Brazilian captain Augusto da Costa during this match is believed to be cursed, embodying the sorrow and anguish of an entire nation, a relic of a day when dreams were shattered at the Maracanã Stadium. The jersey can be found at the Museu do Futebol (Soccer/Football Museum) in São Paulo.

Michael Jordan’s Flu Game Shoes 

During Game 5 of the 1997 NBA Finals, Michael Jordan played through severe flu-like symptoms to lead the Chicago Bulls to victory. The sneakers Jordan wore during this “Flu Game” (black and red size 13 Nike Air Jordan XIIs) are one of the most iconic pieces of sports memorabilia, sold at auction for $104,765. These shoes represent Jordan’s unparalleled willpower and legendary status in basketball history.

Pele’s 1,000th Goal Ball 

On the evening of November 19, 1969, the legendary Pelé, one of soccer’s greatest players, stood poised on the brink of history. The Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro buzzed with anticipation as Pelé’s team, Santos, faced off against Vasco da Gama. 

In the 34th minute, Pelé seized his chance. A perfectly placed pass found its way to his feet. With the grace and precision that defined his career, he danced past defenders and drove the ball into the net, scoring his 1,000th goal. The stadium erupted in celebration, a wave of euphoria washing over the crowd as Pelé, overwhelmed with emotion, lifted his arms in triumph.

The ball used in this historic moment isn’t just a piece of leather but a cherished artifact, celebrating Pelé’s incredible career and his indelible impact on the sport. It’s preserved at the Museu do Futebol (Museum of Football) in São Paulo, serving as a testament to the magic of that night and a beacon of Pelé’s legacy in the world of soccer.

Tony Hawk’s First Skateboard 

On a summer evening in 1999, at the X Games in San Francisco, Tony Hawk etched his name into the annals of sports history: After nearly a dozen failed attempts, Hawk nailed the elusive 900, a trick that involves completing two and a half mid-air revolutions on a skateboard. He was the first skateboarder in history to do so in competition. 

Hawk’s first skateboard, a Bahne model given to him by his brother Steve in 1977, holds a special place in the Smithsonian National Museum of American History’s collection. This board, which Hawk learned to ride as a child, symbolizes his early beginnings and significant contributions to skateboarding. Before donating it, Hawk took one final ride on the board during the Innoskate festival, celebrating his innovative spirit and impact on the sport​ 

These pieces of sports memorabilia are more than just objects; they’re tangible connections to some of the most memorable and peculiar moments in sports history. Each item holds a story, encapsulating the passion, controversy and unforgettable events that continue to captivate fans around the world. –Eduardo Solano

To Tip or Not to Tip? A Traveler’s Guide to Global Tipping Etiquette

We unravel the mystery of tipping customs around the world and explore tipping history to ensure you tip appropriately wherever you go.

Keeping up with the local etiquette of different destinations can be tough when you travel. While some countries expect you to leave gratuity no matter the kind of service provided, others will be shocked to see even a small amount of cash has been left at the end of a meal.

While you’ll encounter different customs in different places, it’s important to get it right no matter where you are. 

“Tipping can be important to ensure workers receive fair compensation — but it could also be argued that it’ll only act to further encourage this culture of underpayment.”

Where did tipping begin?

Tipping, the ancient art of showing appreciation with cold, hard cash, has been around since the Middle Ages. In Tudor England, it began with masters tipping their servants for a job well done. Later, houseguests would begin to offer tips, too — and eventually, workers across the country were receiving them in commercial establishments.

A couple hundred years later, tipping reached the Americas. Here, the practice has a more controversial history. In the late 1800s, previously enslaved people began seeking paid work. But their wages were so low that they were essentially unable to live on the amount they received (sound familiar?). Rather than offering their workers a fairer wage, employers chose to promote tipping to customers as a way to subsidize their workers’ incomes.

Similarly, the spread of colonialism brought with it the culture of tipping to each corner of the world that it reached — and as such, the practice can be found in countries all across the globe today.

Where should you tip?

Tipping is common in countries across Europe — but in establishments where it’s expected, a service charge is usually included in the bill. Similarly, tips are often shared between an entire staff rather than being received by one individual — making it hard if you want to tip only the staff member who has served you.

For the most part, not tipping in European countries isn’t seen as a big deal. It’s generally reserved for excellent service in a restaurant, and you’re usually only expected to leave a maximum of 10% of your overall bill.

In North America, on the other hand, tipping is very important — in fact, it’s considered rude not to leave a tip of at least 20%. This applies not only in restaurants, but in bars, hotels, salons, transport services, tour services and, essentially, anywhere else in which you’re in receipt of a service or some kind of assistance.

In recent years, particularly with the rise of digital payment systems, there’s been a noticeable shift towards higher tipping expectations in the United States. These point-of-sale devices often prompt customers to leave tips of 20%, 25% or even 30%, even in settings where tipping wasn’t traditionally expected, like at counter service or for takeout. This phenomenon, sometimes referred to as “tipflation,” has led many consumers to feel pressured into tipping more generously due to the social pressure of these preset suggestions and the ease of adding a tip with a simple tap on a screen​.

Some countries take an entirely opposite approach. In Hong Kong and Japan, tipping can actually be seen as insulting. Here, great service is the standard and norm, so workers don’t expect extra compensation for going above and beyond. Tourist companies sometimes accept tips — but you should offer gratuity discreetly.

Countries in the Middle East and Africa have a similar approach to tipping as in North America. In Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, for instance, tips are always expected. In Dubai in particular, an additional 15-20% gratuity is customary on top of any service charge. Countries such as Jordan and Morocco also expect around 15-20%. In places that get a lot of tourism, such as Egypt, a service charge is generally added, and you’re not expected to leave anything on top of that.

As tipping customs vary greatly from place to place, it’s important to always research before you travel. Norms and customs change over time, so it’s best to familiarize yourself with the local expectations before you venture abroad.

Why is tipping important?

Because the practice of tipping is rooted in colonialism and slavery, it’s something that should be considered carefully — cultural norms should be respected wherever you travel.

All in all, whether you tip typically comes down to personal preference. In some parts of the world, such as certain states in the U.S., employers are still allowed to pay their workers less than the national minimum wage, so long as their income is subsidized with tips. In cases like these, tipping can be important to ensure workers receive fair compensation — but it could also be argued that it’ll only act to further encourage this culture of underpayment.

If you’re ever unsure about whether or not to tip while traveling, you could conduct some online research, ask other travelers or speak to a tourist board about local etiquette. 

Master the art of tipping, and you’ll win hearts and minds across the globe. –Andrew Ellison

Plaza de España: Where History Meets Artistry

Discover the stunning tile alcoves in this iconic landmark from the 1929 Ibero-American Exposition (and a Star Wars movie).

There’s talk that city officials might actually start charging admission because of overtourism in the Plaza de España.

It was love at first sight. Wally and I were instantly captivated by the cuisine, history and diverse architecture of Andalucía, the southernmost region of Spain. On our first trip there, we spent a couple of idyllic days with our friend Dan in Sevilla. We both agreed that when we returned, we’d plan to spend more time in the capital city of Andalusia.

Even the railings of the bridges are gorgeous in the Plaza de España.

Earlier this year, we got our chance and stayed at an incredible Airbnb in Seville close to the Casco Viejo, or Old Quarter, with a rooftop view of the Catedral de Sevilla. One of the places we wanted to revisit was the Plaza de España, which was within walking distance from our accommodation. The city is quite walkable, flat and easy to navigate. Of course, this will depend on your level of mobility and whether you’re willing to walk (we always are).

Unlike other expositions, where most structures were temporary and torn down after the event, the elaborate Andalusia Pavilion was built to be permanent and was constructed using traditional materials such as brick, ceramic, iron and wood.

A Brief History of the Plaza de España

The Plaza de España includes the Pabellón de Andalucía (Pavilion of Andalusia), which was built to showcase Spain’s industrial and technological achievements at the 1929 Exposición Ibero-Americana (Ibero-American Exposition). 

This popular destination is nestled among the trees and flowers of Parque María de Luisa, which was formerly the private gardens of the Palacio de San Telmo. The land, donated to the city in 1893 by Infanta María Luisa Fernanda de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier, now serves as the city’s primary green space.

One of 48 portrait medallions from ceramicist Pedro Navía’s Triana studio depicting illustrious figures from Spain’s history, including this one of King Alfonso X “el Sabio” aka the Wise, who ruled from 1252-1284. 

The idea of hosting a fair in Sevilla was first proposed by civil engineer Luis Rodríguez Caso in 1908 as part of an extensive urban development project designed to boost economic growth and improve trade relations with Spain’s former Latin American colonies. 

Construction began in 1914 under the supervision of prominent architect Aníbal González. Unfortunately, World War I interrupted these plans, and delays were further exacerbated in 1918 by a particularly virulent strain of the H1N1 virus, estimated to have claimed 260,000 lives in Spain before waning a year later.

The plaza currently houses numerous administrative offices. Our friend Jo, an expat from the U.K. living in Spain, admitted to us that while the space is gorgeous, it also reminds her of the hours she spent in a bureaucratic nightmare of immigration red tape.

Stunning architecture and rich history come together at the iconic Plaza de España in Sevilla.

Visiting the Plaza de España

The Plaza and Fountain

The monumental structure, covering 538,196 square feet (50,000 square meters), was designed by González in the Regionalist style, which combines elements of Baroque, Mudéjar and Renaissance Revival. The grand fountain, added by architect Vicente Traver y Tomás, rises from the center of the plaza courtyard and was inspired by the Montjuïc fountain in Barcelona. (It was off during our visit due to a severe drought that had lasted for most of the year.) 

The porte-cochère acts as the grand entrance of the Plaza de España, now home to administrative offices.

Flamenco dancers often perform beneath the columned central portico of the Pabellón de Andalucía at the Plaza de España.

Head to the upper gallery for a shaded walk and a great way to see the beauty of the plaza unfold below.

The original plans for the plaza didn’t include a fountain, but town officials insisted on adding one, much to González’s dismay. And according to local lore, that’s why the statue of González, standing at the axis of the pavilion’s crescent, faces away from the fountain.

Local lore has it that the likeness of architect Aníbal González is turned away from the fountain —added by Vicente Traver y Tomás — because he wasn’t a fan of the feature.

The main structure is capped by a pair of domed towers that were originally planned to be much taller. However, concerns arose that they would end up dwarfing La Giralda, the iconic bell tower of the Seville Cathedral. To ensure this wouldn’t happen, they were shortened to 243 feet (74 meters) high — 77 feet less than La Giralda.

The South Tower of the Plaza de España stands about 243 feet (74 meters) tall.

Between 2007 and 2010, the plaza underwent a meticulous 14 million euro renovation, which included the installation of ceramic lamp posts and railings around the canal, restoring the landmark to its former glory. About €5 million was used to replace the pipes and update the canal’s water supply system. While the building’s various government offices aren’t open for tours, you can still admire the interior colonnade and access the upper floor balconies to take in a view of the plaza from above.

In the Córdoba alcove, the hand-painted azulejo mural portrays the moment the city surrendered to King Ferdinand III of Castile. The Torre Campanario of the Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba is visible on the left, while the Torre de la Malmuerta stands on the right.

The Tiled Alcoves

As you walk around the central plaza, vibrant color is everywhere — every possible variation and combination of greens and blues, ranging from the aquamarine of the shallow shore to the cerulean blue of the deep ocean, with a visual jolt of cadmium yellow.

The outer rim of the plaza’s pavilion has 48 alcoves with plinth-style benches, clad in azulejos, glazed ceramic tiles produced in Triana, a neighborhood renowned for its ceramic artists, across the river from Sevilla’s historic center. 

Among the four dozen tile and ceramic murals representing the provinces of Spain in Seville’s Plaza de España, the painted tiles from Ciudad Real show Don Quixote in armor, as the noble knight he imagined himself to be, preparing to battle windmills alongside his squire, Sancho Panza.

Each shrine-like space is dedicated to a different Spanish province, and includes a tile map of its territory, its coat of arms and a tableau depicting a historical event or cultural scene from the region.

Pillared shelves topped with pináculos, ceramic finials, flank the alcoves. Initially, I assumed these shelves might have been for holding votive candles, but I learned that they once held pamphlets with information about each province during the exposition. 

This vibrant alcove at the Plaza de España features a colorful tableau for Badajoz, depicting King Alfonso IX of León’s recapture of the city from the Muslims in 1230 CE.

Beautiful details cover almost every inch of the plaza, many of which are the work of ceramicist and sculptor Pedro Navía y Campos. His craftsmanship can be seen in the 40 portrait medallions honoring prominent figures from Spain’s history that adorn the spandrels of the porticoed gallery.

Charming rowboats glide across the canal, offering a unique and serene way to experience the beauty of Plaza de España.

The Bridges

The Venetian-style footbridges that gracefully arch over the canal add a picturesque charm to the plaza and beautifully complement the symmetry of the pavilion.

Elegant bridges span the canal, blending Moorish, Renaissance and Spanish architectural styles.

They’re named after the four historical kingdoms of Spain: Castile, León, Navarre and Aragón. These bridges connect the open courtyard to the main building and galleries. Their blue and white balustrades were crafted by ceramist Manuel García Montalván. The administrative building is surrounded by a 1,690-foot-wide (515-meter) moat, where visitors can rent rowboats and leisurely paddle around. Wally and I haven’t done so yet — but we plan to in the future. 

Star Wars fans will particularly love visiting the Plaza de España, as it was a filming location for Theed Palace in Naboo where Anakin and Padmé fall in love during Star Wars II: Attack of the Clones.

Movies Filmed at Plaza de España

The Plaza de España has been used as a filming location for a few well-known movies, including Lawrence of Arabia (1962), where it served as a backdrop for Cairo, Egypt, and Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones (2002), when Anakin and Padme, followed by R2D2, arrive on Naboo and walk through the colonnade of the Palace of Theed. Most recently, it appeared as the palatial complex of an eccentric autocrat in The Dictator (2012) by Sacha Baron Cohen.

Plaza de España, a stunning architectural marvel in Sevilla, boasts a grand semicircular building, vibrant ceramic tile decorations and a serene canal, making it a captivating symbol of Spain’s artistic and cultural heritage.

The Lowdown

While we were exploring, we witnessed a wannabe influencer who clearly expected everyone to move aside as she directed her husband to take a photo of her standing on the stairs as if she were the only one there. When the crowds didn’t clear for her to get “the perfect shot,” she had a meltdown and stormed off, leaving her husband with their baby and stroller to chase after her.

Don’t be this woman. She threw a tantrum when other tourists refused to step aside so she could get her perfect shot.

The Plaza de España is located near the entrance of Maria Luisa Park across from the Universidad de Sevilla (University of Seville) and is about a five-minute walk following Avenida de Isabel la Católica. 

Even the staircases of Plaza de España are adorned with exquisite tilework.

If you’re planning on visiting during the daytime be sure to wear sunscreen to prevent sunburn and bring bottled water to stay hydrated, as the majority of the plaza is open and exposed. 

There aren’t any public bathrooms within the main pavilion, but there are pay toilets in a compact building at the front of the plaza, which cost 60 céntimos to use.

Paseo de Isabel la Católica offers a peaceful stroll amid lush greenery, with Plaza de España on one side and Parque de María Luisa on the other.

The Plaza de España is currently free to enter, but concerns about managing overtourism and the costs of preserving the historic site have prompted city officials to consider imposing an entry fee for non-citizens. 
Whatever the outcome may be, we suggest spending a lazy afternoon admiring this special place. –Duke