8 Fashion Faux Pas Around the World — and How to Avoid Them

What not to wear: Know travel dress codes, from taboo colors to overly revealing or casual outfits. Don’t get kicked out of a plane, church, temple or celebration. 

Earlier this year, a few airlines made headlines for enforcing dress codes — turning away passengers for attire deemed inappropriate. In one case, a woman was kicked off a plane for her revealing top, while another passenger faced backlash for her crop top and bike shorts.

While these incidents sparked fiery debates, they’re not as unusual as you might think. Most airlines have rules tucked into their “contract of carriage” that allow them to deny boarding based on attire, hygiene or odors that might disturb others. 

“Most airlines have rules tucked into their ‘contract of carriage’ that allow them to deny boarding based on attire, hygiene or odors that might disturb others. ”

These unexpected style enforcements highlight a broader truth: Dress codes exist in more places than we realize. Across the globe, cultural norms and traditions can also trip up unwary travelers. Whether it’s taking off your shoes at the door or avoiding taboo colors at weddings, understanding local expectations can spare you awkward moments. Here’s your guide to navigating fashion faux pas around the world — and what to do instead.

1. Wearing shoes indoors

In many parts of Asia, the Middle East, Scandinavia and Northern Europe, wearing shoes indoors is more than a minor faux pas — it’s a serious breach of etiquette. Shoes track dirt and germs, and leaving them on indoors is seen as disrespectful to the home and its occupants.

How to avoid this faux pas: Look for cues like a shoe rack near the entrance. If in doubt, it’s always polite to ask if you should remove your shoes. Some hosts may even provide slippers for guests.

2. Wearing sunglasses indoors

Sunglasses are a travel staple, offering both UV protection and a chic accessory to elevate your look. But indoors? Unless it’s for medical reasons, wearing sunglasses inside can come across as dismissive or even rude. In situations where eye contact is crucial — like business meetings or personal conversations — shades can act as an off-putting barrier.

How to avoid this faux pas: When you step inside, take off your sunglasses. If you have a medical reason to wear them, a quick explanation can smooth over any misunderstandings.

3. Wearing the wrong colors to events

Colors carry cultural significance, especially at special events. In the West, wearing white to a wedding is a major no-no — it’s the bride’s color. In India, however, white is associated with mourning and considered inappropriate for celebrations. Similarly, red, which symbolizes luck and prosperity in Indian and Chinese weddings, is usually reserved for the bride. And in many cultures, black — linked to mourning — should be avoided at festive gatherings.

How to avoid this faux pas: When invited to a wedding or cultural event, research traditional color customs or ask your host for guidance.

4. Wearing revealing clothing

Conservative dress codes in countries like Iran or Saudi Arabia aren’t just preferences — they’re often enforced by law. Exposing shoulders, knees or cleavage, or wearing tight or flashy outfits, can be seen as deeply disrespectful. Even in more relaxed destinations like Dubai, conservative attire is expected in certain areas.

How to avoid this faux pas: Pack loose, modest clothing that covers shoulders, arms and legs. A lightweight scarf or shawl can help you adjust quickly to stricter environments.

5. Wearing a hat indoors

In many Western countries, such as the United States, Canada and parts of Europe, keeping your hat on indoors can come across as disrespectful. This custom, rooted in historical etiquette, symbolizes politeness and humility — especially in places of worship, someone’s home or formal settings like a nice restaurant.

How to avoid this faux pas: When entering a building, especially a church, home or any place where respect is expected, take off your hat. If unsure, watch what locals are doing and follow suit.

6. Exposing the soles of your feet

In the Middle East, Thailand and other parts of Asia, showing the soles of your feet can be a major cultural misstep. Feet are considered the lowest — and dirtiest — part of the body, and exposing or pointing them at someone is viewed as deeply disrespectful. This can extend to sitting positions, particularly if your feet face others or sacred objects.

How to avoid this faux pas: Avoid sitting with your legs crossed in a way that points your feet toward anyone. When visiting temples or someone’s home, follow the locals’ lead and keep your feet flat or tucked beneath you.

7. Wearing camouflage

Planning to show off your trendy camo-print top on a Caribbean getaway? Think again. In countries like Barbados, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, the Philippines, and parts of Latin America (such as Peru and Venezuela), camouflage is strictly reserved for military personnel. Civilians caught wearing it could cause misunderstandings — or even face fines, confiscation or detention in some cases.

How to avoid this faux pas: Leave the camo at home. If you’re heading to these countries, pack other patterns or neutral options to avoid any trouble.

8. Wearing overly casual clothing inside churches

Visiting a stunning European cathedral like the Vatican? Be mindful of what you wear. Many churches in Italy, Spain and France have dress codes that prohibit sleeveless tops, short skirts or anything too casual. These sacred sites demand a level of respect reflected in your attire.

How to avoid this faux pas: Bring a scarf or shawl to cover your shoulders, and opt for knee-length skirts or pants. When in doubt, a modest outfit is always a safe bet for religious sites.

Dress to Impress (and Show Respect)

From airline gates to cultural celebrations, what you wear can say more than you realize. A little research and mindfulness go a long way toward ensuring you don’t just fit in but stand out for all the right reasons.

So, the next time you’re packing, remember: A suitcase filled with respect and awareness will never go out of style. –Francesca Chamberlain

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RELATED: Do’s and Don’ts of Visiting Bali

How to Plan Your Dream Amazon Adventure

Want to explore the largest rainforest on Earth? Should you head to Brazil, Peru or Colombia? Here are 5 tips to make your Amazon trip unforgettable.

One of the most memorable projects I ever worked on in school was about the Amazon. I remember it vividly: poring over pictures of sloths, parrots and winding rivers, reading about thick-canopied forests teeming with life and secrets. Since then, I’ve kept a close eye on what’s happening in South America and, when possible, have ventured to far-flung, wild places. But the Amazon — well, that’s still in a league of its own. And planning a trip there takes a bit of strategy. 

“Few places on Earth compare to the Amazon — and with the right planning, you’ll be ready to discover it in all its intensity and wonder.”

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RELATED: Preserving the Magic of the Amazon

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Here’s what you need to know to make the most of an adventure that, if done right, will feel like stepping into a whole new world.

1. Determine your adventure style. 

Let’s face it, “the Amazon” conjures up different images for everyone. Are you envisioning a canoe ride through quiet waterways, binoculars in hand, scanning for jaguars? Or are you more inclined toward guided nature hikes, where you can absorb insights on indigenous plants, medicinal herbs and Amazonian lore?

Brazil is your classic jungle adventure, with thrilling treks, wildlife galore and river communities, where you can experience a bit of daily life in the Amazon. Peru and Colombia, on the other hand, have national parks that blend cultural sites with nature, offering the chance to experience a little bit of everything — from visiting wildlife sanctuaries to learning about local customs.

2. Decide where in the Amazon you’re headed. 

The Amazon is a sprawling natural giant, stretching across nine countries and more than 2 million square miles. 

So, how do you decide where you want to go? Each Amazonian region offers something a bit different. Brazil’s Manaus is a popular gateway, but Peru offers incredible river cruises, and Ecuador is known for its pristine national parks. The location you choose will shape your experience, so let your interests lead the way. Want to get lost in deep jungle trails? Brazil might be your calling. More interested in a mix of culture, wildlife and guided excursions? Consider starting in Peru or Colombia.

An AI trip planner can be a lifesaver for navigating this decision, helping pinpoint destinations that fit your goals, timeline and budget.

3. Find flights and accommodations. 

Getting to the Amazon usually starts with a flight into a major city, often São Paulo or Rio de Janeiro if you’re heading to Brazil. From there, you’ll hop on a regional flight to your main Amazonian destination, such as Manaus. For those aiming for Peru, Lima and Cusco serve as gateways to the country’s Amazon regions, with river cruises and jungle lodges that let you dive deep into the wilderness without having to go entirely off-grid.

While the Amazon isn’t a “budget” destination, booking early and looking at various starting points can help keep costs manageable. And if you’re going for Amazon guided tours, they often bundle accommodation and transport, so look for packages that offer flexibility and fit your adventure style. 

Don’t forget: Each region’s climate can vary, so check seasonal weather patterns. For instance, from late spring to early autumn, the dry season is ideal for wildlife spotting and hiking, whereas the wet season offers a lusher, greener landscape.

4. Pack like a pro. 

Packing for the Amazon isn’t quite like packing for your average vacation. It’s not just about comfort; it’s about being ready for any situation. Lightweight, moisture-wicking clothing is a must to handle the jungle’s heat and humidity, but you’ll also want durable hiking gear if you’re planning on hitting the trails. A waterproof jacket is non-negotiable, as are sunblock, a hat and any medications you need for the duration of your stay.

Here are some other important things to check off before you go:

• Documents: Make sure your passport is current and you’ve got any necessary visas.

• Vaccinations: Common vaccines like yellow fever are often recommended, along with malaria prevention.

• Insect repellent: Trust me — you don’t want to skimp here. Stock up on good-quality repellent to keep those pesky bugs at bay.

• Travel insurance: Medical emergencies in the Amazon are no joke. Make sure you’re covered for any unexpected costs in a remote area.

And be sure to bring a good flashlight, power bank and possibly a GPS for off-the-grid excursions. 

Even your packing strategy should be built for flexibility because in the Amazon, Mother Nature doesn’t always follow your plans. Prepare for a mix of hiking, boating and relaxing by packing a bit of everything — from flip-flops to sturdy boots.

5. Embrace the local culture. 

One of the most rewarding parts of traveling in the Amazon is meeting people who call this vast region home. Tourism, when done thoughtfully, can support the communities and help preserve the forest. Look for ways to engage responsibly. Consider eco-lodges that prioritize sustainability, and always remember that you’re stepping into a place with its own rhythms and traditions.

Understanding and respecting local customs can lead to a richer experience. Many indigenous communities welcome travelers, but it’s always good to know local etiquette. And it doesn’t hurt to learn a few words of Portuguese or Spanish to show your respect and interest.

The Amazon Awaits

Few places on Earth compare to the Amazon, and with the right planning, you’ll be ready to discover it in all its intensity and wonder. So do your research, respect the rainforest and its people, and pack a good amount of curiosity. Get ready for a journey to one of the most unique ecosystems on the planet — one that, with any luck, will leave you a bit changed when you return. –Lucy Roberts

Mediterranean Mélange: Unveiling Spain and Italy’s Shared Splendor

From Barcelona’s vibrant streets to Rome’s ancient echoes, experience the warmth, flavor and rhythm that make the Mediterranean so unforgettable.

The Mediterranean isn’t just a sea; it’s a state of mind. My recent journey through Spain and Italy felt like diving into a living, breathing artwork — each vista bathed in the golden glow of the Mediterranean sun, each scent wafting from open kitchen windows a reminder of their shared yet singular flavors.

“These two nations, linked by that glimmering Mediterranean, show their charm in ways that go beyond landmarks or scenic views.

It’s in the warmth of people who live with passion in every part of their day. It’s the unspoken language of hospitality and genuine connection that leaves a mark long after you’ve moved on.”

Barcelona 

My exploration began in Barcelona, where the Catalan spirit fills the streets with a palpable energy. Wandering the Gothic Quarter’s labyrinthine alleys as part of my Spain tours, I encountered more than ancient stone and soaring arches — this was a place alive with whispered histories and Gaudí’s fantastical fingerprints. The Sagrada Familia loomed like an unfinished masterpiece against the sky, a testament to the vision and determination that defines this city. But it was sipping sangria at a quiet café that I felt the real essence of Barcelona — a blend of warmth, tradition and a fierce love of life.

Granada 

Leaving Barcelona’s cosmopolitan allure behind, I ventured south into the rustic embrace of Andalusia, where the landscape seems to ripple in the sun. In Granada’s Alhambra, the spirit of al-Andalus echoes through the quiet arches and intricate tiles of the Nasrid Palaces, each curve and hue a reminder of the cultural symbiosis that flourished here. The Mediterranean’s influence shaped architecture, art and daily life, with its ever-present warmth and rhythm.

Rome

Crossing the sea to Italy, I found myself swept into a whole new cadence in Rome on one of the top-rated tours of Italy. There’s an undeniable gravitas here, where history presses upon the present. Amid the ruins of the Colosseum and the Roman Forum, I could almost hear the shouts of ancient citizens and feel the pounding of history beneath my feet. But Rome isn’t all grandiosity; it’s also the aroma of pizza baking in Campo de’ Fiori, the laughter echoing through Trastevere’s cobbled streets, and the dizzying sweetness of gelato on a hot day.

Florence 

And then, Florence — the heart of Renaissance Italy, where every corner seems touched by genius. At the Uffizi Gallery, each masterpiece tells the story of a nation that birthed Michelangelo and Botticelli, of a people with a timeless love for beauty in all forms. Climbing the Duomo, I gazed over red-tiled rooftops stretching endlessly to the horizon — a view that seemed to capture the soul of Italy itself.

Spain + Italy = Mediterranean Magic

As my time in Spain and Italy came to an end, I knew I’d been irrevocably changed by the magic that spilled from every cobblestone street, every vineyard row, every heart-stopping vista. From the electric hum of Barcelona’s streets to the rolling, sun-soaked hills of Tuscany, each place felt like an old friend with a new story to share.

These two nations, linked by that glimmering Mediterranean, show their charm in ways that go beyond landmarks or scenic views. It’s in the warmth of people who live with passion in every part of their day. Think of flamenco dancers in Seville, pouring their souls into every step, or the Venetian gondoliers, who navigate their waters like a dance. It’s the unspoken language of hospitality and genuine connection that leaves a mark long after you’ve moved on.

Leaving the Mediterranean shores behind feels like stepping out of a dream. But I carry with me memories of sunlit piazzas, starlit nights, the laughter of strangers who became friends and the quiet moments in the shadows of cathedrals. And even though my journey is technically over, Spain and Italy now live in my bones, a forever reminder of the adventures that await around every corner.

To explore Spain and Italy is to dive headfirst into a world of color, flavor and stories. Picture yourself sipping sangria in a Barcelona café or twirling pasta in a tucked-away Tuscan trattoria. Each moment here is a toast to life itself. The crumbling ruins, lively piazzas and cobblestone alleyways all testify to the enduring spirit of these lands — and the people who make them unforgettable. In travel, we’re reminded that while each place is one-of-a-kind, there’s a universal rhythm that binds us all.

Spain and Italy lure us with their sun-drenched coastlines, timeless ruins, and fiery, joyful souls. And while you might come for the food or the art, you’ll leave with a spirit that’s been altered, a heart forever stamped by their beauty. –Kirill Balaganin 

The Hidden Side of Dallas: 5 Quirky Adventures

What to do in Dallas? Try these unusual gift experiences, from a murder mystery to racing in a Ferrari. 

When you think of Dallas, you might picture its towering skyline, bustling streets and that unmistakable Texas pride. 

But this city is more than what meets the eye. Beneath the iconic sights and well-worn tourist trails, there’s a softer, lesser-known side of things to do in Dallas waiting to be uncovered. 

“ There’s a quiet, hidden magic in Dallas if you’re willing to look for it. ”

Dallas invites you to look closer, wander a bit further and discover the unexpected. Here are five unique experiences that led me off the beaten path and into a different Dallas entirely — one I never saw coming.

1. Grapevine Lake Sunset Glow Clear Kayak Tour

There’s something magical when the sun starts its slow descent and paints the sky in shades of marigold and lavender. It’s like the whole world is holding its breath. I was there, in a see-through kayak, the kind that makes it feel like you’re barely floating above the surface, with the lake’s wake calmly lapping at the sides.

All around, the sky reflected off of the glass-like water, stirring the colors of twilight. And it wasn’t just gorgeous; it was humbling. For those quiet, perfect moments, it felt like the world shrunk — all that existed was me and the gentle hues swirling through the water. I’ve never experienced anything so pure. I’m not sure I ever will again.

2. Murder Mystery Dinner Show in Fort Worth

Then came the murder. I didn’t expect to fall in love with a murder mystery dinner. “I’m not that kind of person,” I thought, as a card pinned to my sundress announced my new role: potential suspect.

But then — mid-bite of my steak — the server slipped away, the lights dimmed, and diners at my table leaned in, exchanging hurried whispers. We were sure we’d cracked the case. And isn’t that the thrill? Strategizing for the solution in the midst of a story that’s still unfolding, woven between courses. Actors drifted in and out, someone in the corner laughed too loudly, while another guest quietly pieced together clues. It felt like stepping into a play — without ever having learned my lines. We were all in it together, strangers turned co-conspirators. My team lost, I think, but by the time we surrendered, I was all in, laughing harder than I had in years.

3. Italian Supercar Racing Experience at Texas Motor Speedway

I don’t quite know how to explain what it feels like to drive a Ferrari. Once it’s in gear, sure, it’s all flash, speed and horsepower. But there’s something else — a feeling in your arms, a pull in your chest. It’s as if the road beyond the track has vanished, and the whole world is somewhere outside of you. Champagne bubbles in the pit of your belly; there’s just the car and the low, thrilling growl of the engine beneath you. It’s… intimate. That’s the best way to describe it — intimate and intense, an unexpected emotion for a souped-up machine. Alive? Yes, alive — fully, fiercely, incandescently alive.

4. Zipline and Treetop Adventures

If one thing brought out my inner child, it was ziplining through the treetops. The rush of air as I flew, the way everything below blurred, and the laughter that bubbled up when I landed on a platform more than 60 feet above the ground. The silences up there, the open emptiness, the blend of exhilaration and peace, the feeling of flying while being connected to something real.

It’s when you’re standing still, high above, surrounded by sky and leaves, that the magic truly happens. That’s when the perspective hits — how far you’ve come, how high you are, how small you feel, and how incredibly good that is.

5. Fluid Art Workshop

I had no expectations going into the fluid art workshop. I showed up with a blank canvas (literally) and an open mind. The instructor pointed me in the right direction to start, and then it was just me, some colors and a quiet space — to pour paint, to watch it blend and bleed, with no rules, no wrong ways, no real… anything other than watching the colors mix and mingle.

For two hours, I didn’t think about anything other than where the paint was going, how it was moving. I watched the canvas come alive, and when it was over, I wasn’t just walking away with a painting; I was walking away with a feeling. A sense of peace. A sense of having let go of everything and just… been. It was art therapy, minus the therapy part.

Rediscovering Dallas

Dallas isn’t just for the big moments, the big ideas, the grand experiences. There’s a quiet, hidden magic in Dallas if you’re willing to look for it. And for me, those experiences weren’t just about doing them. They were about finding myself in them, learning what it means to slow down, to do something new, and to let myself be present in a moment that’s anything but ordinary. And that’s why experience gifts are the best way to explore Dallas. Because they reveal a side of the city — and maybe a side of yourself — you didn’t know was there.

And while these experiences led me to unexpected self-discoveries, they’re also unforgettable gift ideas for others. With each unique adventure, you’re offering a chance to see the city from a new angle, and maybe even a little self-discovery of their own. –Maria Nowak

Wicca Full Moon Magic: Rituals, Spells and Symbolism

A witch’s guide to casting spells for personal growth and manifestation at every month’s full moon. 

There’s something undeniably mystical about the full moon. For millennia, humans have gazed up at its silvery glow, attributing to it a profound influence over our lives and the world around us. The moon, ever-changing yet constant, holds sway over the tides, plants, animals, and even our own emotions and body. 

In Wiccan tradition, the full moon represents the pinnacle of the lunar cycle — a time when energy is at its most powerful, and the Goddess is at her fullest expression.

“The moon is a constant companion in the sky, guiding us through the changing seasons and reflecting the cycles of growth, harvest, rest and renewal.

Each full moon offers a unique opportunity to reflect, set intentions and harness the power of lunar magic.”

Wiccans celebrate the full moon with esbats, monthly rituals that connect practitioners to the cycles of nature and the power of the Goddess. Each full moon carries with it a unique energy tied to the time of year, offering us the chance to reflect, cast spells and align our intentions with the rhythm of the Earth. From the deep, introspective energy of the Wolf Moon in January to the reflective stillness of the Cold Moon in December, each moon has its own story, a moment in the year to tune into, and a special kind of magic to offer.

In this guide, we’ll explore the full moons of the year, and simple rituals and spells to help you harness the power of each moon, drawing on their seasonal energy for personal growth, healing and manifestation. Whether you’re planting the seeds of intention with the Worm Moon or gathering your strength with the Buck Moon, these rituals are designed to be simple yet powerful, allowing you to connect deeply with the cycles of nature.

Full moons are a great time to channel the energy of the Goddess by Drawing Down the Moon. 

Wolf Moon (January)

As the first full moon of the year rises in the cold January sky, we hear the howls of wolves carrying through the still, frozen air. In the heart of winter, food is scarce, and the pack comes together to hunt and survive. The Wolf Moon is a time of endurance, resilience and unity — a reminder that even in the darkest, coldest moments, there’s strength to be found when we draw on our inner reserves and the support of those around us.

In Wiccan tradition, the Wolf Moon encourages reflection. This is a time to assess what you’ve endured, to gather your strength for the year ahead, and to remind yourself of your resilience. The deep winter may seem desolate, but beneath the frozen earth, life is quietly preparing to awaken once again. Similarly, this is a time to prepare spiritually and emotionally, ensuring you’re grounded and strong enough to meet the challenges that await in the coming months.

Symbolism:

• Inner Strength: Like the wolf, you have the power to survive the harshest conditions.

• Endurance: Winter teaches patience, reminding us that everything cycles back to life.

• Reflection: This moon invites you to look inward, to sit with yourself and your thoughts.

Wolf Moon Ritual Spell: Strength in Stillness

This simple ritual taps into the quiet yet powerful energy of the Wolf Moon, allowing you to connect with your inner strength and prepare for the year ahead.

You’ll need:

• A white candle 

• Rosemary or sage

• A journal or piece of paper

• A pen

Create your space: Find a quiet place where you won’t be disturbed. Light your white candle, representing the clarity and light that the moon brings in the darkness.

Cleanse your space: Burn the rosemary or sage, moving it in a circular motion around your space to cleanse it of any negativity.

Reflect: Sit with your candle, focusing on its flame. Reflect on the challenges you’ve faced in the past year and the inner strength you’ve gained. Write these reflections down in your journal or on a piece of paper. Think about what you want to accomplish or experience in the coming year. 

Chant:

Wolf of night, guide my way,
Through the dark and through the day.
With each breath, I will endure,
In my strength, I am secure.

Repeat this chant three times as you visualize your inner power growing. 

Set your intention: Write down one word or phrase that represents the strength you want to carry with you into the new year. Hold this intention in your mind as you extinguish the candle, imagining the flame transferring inside you as your inner power glowing bright.

Keep your reflection: Tuck your reflection somewhere safe — your journal, a drawer or an altar — as a reminder of your strength throughout the year.

Snow Moon (February)

As February arrives, the land is often still blanketed in deep snow, and it’s from this cold, stark image that the Snow Moon takes its name. In ancient times, February was known for heavy snowfall, making survival more challenging. The Snow Moon reminds us that even in the harshest conditions, there’s beauty in simplicity and purity in endurance. This is a time for stillness and inner work, as we patiently wait for the signs of spring.

The Snow Moon invites us to pause and appreciate the quiet moments. Just as snow covers the earth, offering a momentary blanket of calm, this moon encourages us to embrace the stillness in our own lives. Though the cold may seem neverending, beneath the snow, life is beginning to stir, preparing to burst forth when the time is right.

Symbolism:

• Purity: Snow symbolizes a blank slate, a chance to start fresh.

• Endurance: It reflects our ability to survive through hardship.

• Patience: This moon teaches us the value of waiting for the right moment to act.

Snow Moon Ritual Spell: Cleansing in the Snow

This full moon ritual connects you to the purifying energy of the Snow Moon, helping you clear away negativity and refresh your spirit.

You’ll need:

• A bowl of cold water (or, if available, fresh snow)

• A white candle

• A small silver or white stone (such as quartz or moonstone)

Create your space: Light your white candle and place the bowl of cold water or snow in front of you. If you’re using snow, allow it to slowly melt as you meditate on its transformation.

Reflect: Hold the stone in your hands and think about anything in your life that feels stagnant, heavy or in need of cleansing. Imagine the cold water or snow as a tool for washing this away.

Chant: 

Snow that falls, clear the way,
With your light, renew the day.
Wash away the dark and cold,
Bring me strength, pure and bold.

Chant this three times as you focus on releasing the negativity from your life.

Set your intention: Dip the stone into the water or snow. As you do, set your intention for cleansing, visualizing the negativity dissolving as the snow melts. Keep the stone as a reminder of this fresh start.

Complete the ritual: Let the candle burn for a few more minutes as you focus on the feeling of renewal. Carry the stone with you, rubbing it when you feel negativity. 

Worm Moon (March)

The Worm Moon marks the beginning of spring’s thaw, named for the earthworms that emerge as the frozen ground begins to soften. This was the time when early farmers saw the first signs of life returning to the soil, signaling that the season of growth was near. The Worm Moon symbolizes renewal, fertility and the stirring of life beneath the surface. It reminds us that even though the ground may still feel cold, the warmth of new beginnings is just around the corner.

As the first full moon of spring, the Worm Moon represents the start of growth and transformation. It’s a time to plant both literal and metaphorical seeds — setting intentions for the things we wish to cultivate in our lives. Just as the worms aerate the soil, making it fertile for new growth, this moon invites us to prepare ourselves for the changes and opportunities that are beginning to sprout.

Symbolism:

• Renewal: A fresh start, with life awakening after the winter.

• Fertility: A time for planting seeds of growth, both in the earth and within yourself.

• Transformation: The Worm Moon represents change and the beginning of something new.

Worm Moon Ritual Spell: Planting Seeds of Intention

This ritual uses the symbolism of planting seeds to help you set intentions for the new season, nurturing them as they grow alongside the earth’s renewal.

You’ll need:

• Seeds (any type you feel connected to)

• A small pot with soil or a garden space

• A green or brown candle

• A small piece of paper

• A pen

Create your space: Light the green or brown candle and hold the seeds in your hands. Feel their potential for growth and life. Place your hands over the soil, grounding yourself in the energy of the earth.

Reflect: Write down your intentions for the coming season on the piece of paper. What do you want to grow in your life? Think about areas of your life that are ready to transform.

Chant:

Worm of earth, stir the ground,
Awaken life where none is found.
Plant the seeds, watch them grow,
In fertile soil, life will flow.

Chant this three times as you focus on your intentions.

Set your intention: Plant the seeds in the soil, burying the paper with them. As you cover the seeds with soil, visualize your intentions being nurtured and growing strong.

Complete the ritual: Water the soil and place it somewhere where it will receive light. Let the candle burn for a few moments as you hold your vision of growth. Tend to these seeds regularly, symbolizing your commitment to nurturing the intentions you’ve planted.

Pink Moon (April)

The Pink Moon takes its name from the early spring wildflowers, particularly the vibrant pink phlox that bloom across fields and forests in April. Though the moon itself isn’t pink, the name evokes the beauty of new growth and the blossoming of life after the long winter. The Pink Moon symbolizes renewal, beauty and the blossoming of intentions that were set earlier in the year. This is a time of new beginnings, where the seeds planted in March begin to sprout, and the world is bursting with life.

The energy of the Pink Moon is soft and hopeful, like the first flowers breaking through the soil. It’s a time to focus on nurturing the things you’ve already set in motion and to celebrate the small wins that come with early growth. As the days grow warmer and longer, this moon invites you to embrace the beauty around you and the potential for new opportunities in your life.

Symbolism:

• Blossoming: The Pink Moon is about new beginnings, with intentions and goals starting to take root and grow.

• Beauty: This is a time to appreciate the beauty in the world and within yourself.

• Nurturing: Just as flowers need care to bloom, this moon reminds us to tend to our own growth with patience and love.

Pink Moon Ritual Spell: Blossoming Intentions

This ritual invites you to honor the blossoming energy of the Pink Moon, celebrating the growth of your intentions and nurturing them as they continue to unfold.

You’ll need:

• Fresh flowers (pink if possible, but any early spring flower will work)

• A pink or white candle

• A small bowl of water

• Flower petals that represent beauty or love (e.g., rose or lavender)

Create your space: Light the pink or white candle and place the bowl of water in front of you. Scatter fresh flowers around your space to invite beauty and growth.

Reflect: Take the flower petal or herb in your hands and reflect on the intentions you set during the Worm Moon. How have they started to grow? What small steps or changes have you noticed?

Chant:

Pink Moon high, life unfolds,
Blooming bright, the story told.
With each petal, growth I see,
As I bloom, so mote it be.

Chant this three times, focusing on the blossoming energy around you.

Set your intention: Place the petals into the bowl of water, visualizing your intentions continuing to grow and unfold like the flowers around you. As you do, imagine yourself nurturing your goals, providing them with the love and attention they need to bloom.

Complete the ritual: Dip your fingers into the water and gently sprinkle it over the flowers and yourself, symbolizing the nurturing energy you’re giving to your intentions. Let the candle burn for a few moments as you hold the vision of your growth.

Flower Moon (May)

The Flower Moon is a celebration of life in full bloom. Named for the abundance of flowers that flourish in May, this moon symbolizes beauty, fertility and the manifestation of intentions. By this time, the earth is overflowing with color and fragrance, and it’s a reminder that the seeds we’ve planted — both in the ground and in our lives — are now beginning to reach their fullest potential. The Flower Moon is a time to embrace growth, to celebrate progress, and to prepare for the fruit of our efforts.

With nature at its most vibrant, the energy of the Flower Moon encourages us to fully engage with life’s beauty and abundance. Just as gardens need tending to reach their peak, so too do our goals and dreams. This is a time for action, love and gratitude for the gifts that are beginning to come to fruition.

Symbolism:

• Beauty: The Flower Moon celebrates the beauty of the world around us, both in nature and in ourselves.

• Fertility: This moon is ripe with the energy of creation, encouraging both physical and creative fertility.

• Manifestation: It’s a time to see the tangible results of the work and intentions you’ve nurtured.

Flower Moon Ritual Spell: Manifesting Abundance

This ritual honors the vibrant, abundant energy of the Flower Moon, helping you manifest your desires and nurture them as they come to life.

You’ll need:

• Fresh flowers (as many different colors as possible)

• A yellow or green candle

• A small mirror or reflective surface

• A small piece of paper

• A pen 

Create your space: Arrange your flowers in a circle around you or on your altar, bringing in the beauty and energy of the Flower Moon. Light your yellow or green candle, which represents the energy of growth and abundance.

Reflect: Sit with the mirror in front of you, holding it so you can see your reflection. Reflect on the beauty and abundance in your life, both what you have created and what you wish to bring into being. Write one goal or desire on the piece of paper.

Chant: 

Flowers bloom, bright and true,
Abundance comes in all I do.
Growth and beauty now take flight,
Manifest my dreams this night.

Chant this three times, allowing the energy of the flowers and the moon to infuse your intentions with life.

Set your intention: Place the piece of paper with your desire under the mirror or reflective surface. As you do, visualize your intention coming to fruition, blooming as fully and brightly as the flowers around you. Allow the reflection to symbolize the universe’s power reflecting your intention back to you.

Complete the ritual: Let the candle burn for a while as you sit in the energy of abundance. You can later place the piece of paper somewhere significant, like a journal or altar, as a reminder of what you’re manifesting.

Strawberry Moon (June)

The Strawberry Moon takes its name from the ripening of wild strawberries, which are ready for harvest in June. This moon represents abundance, sweetness and the reward for hard work. Just as strawberries ripen after the nurturing warmth of spring, the Strawberry Moon is a reminder to savor the fruits of our efforts and to take time to enjoy life’s pleasures. This is a time for gratitude, celebration and acknowledging the blessings we’ve harvested.

The energy of the Strawberry Moon is joyful and lighthearted, encouraging us to reflect on the sweetness in our lives and the abundance that surrounds us. It’s a time to give thanks for what we’ve manifested so far and to focus on enjoying the moment. This moon teaches us to embrace the joy of the present, while also looking forward to the continued growth and rewards of the summer months.

Symbolism:

• Abundance: The Strawberry Moon celebrates the harvest and the rewards of your hard work.

• Sweetness: It reminds us to savor life’s pleasures and embrace the sweetness around us.

• Gratitude: This moon encourages us to pause and give thanks for the abundance we’ve been given.

Strawberry Moon Ritual Spell: Harvest of Sweetness

This ritual focuses on gratitude and abundance, allowing you to acknowledge and celebrate the fruits of your labor and invite more sweetness into your life.

You’ll need:

• Fresh strawberries

• A red or pink candle

• A small bowl

• A piece of paper

• A pen

Create your space: Place the strawberries in a small bowl and light the red or pink candle. The candle symbolizes the love and sweetness that the Strawberry Moon brings into your life.

Reflect: Take a strawberry in your hand and reflect on the blessings and abundance that have come to you recently. What efforts have borne fruit? Write these blessings down on the piece of paper, acknowledging the hard work that led to them.

Chant:

Strawberry ripe, fruit of light,
Blessings sweet, in my sight.
Gratitude fills my heart and soul,
Abundance grows, making me whole.

Chant this three times, focusing on the sweetness and abundance in your life.

Set your intention: As you eat the strawberry, savor its sweetness and allow yourself to feel grateful for all you have received. Visualize continued abundance flowing into your life as the summer progresses.

Complete the ritual: After enjoying the strawberry, let the candle burn for a few more minutes as you sit in the energy of gratitude. Keep the paper with your blessings as a reminder of the sweetness you’ve harvested.

Buck Moon (July)

The Buck Moon is named for the time of year when male deer, or bucks, grow new antlers, signifying strength, growth and vitality. In July, the full summer energy is at its peak, and nature is full of life and vigor. The Buck Moon represents not only physical growth but also spiritual strength and resilience. This is a time to recognize your own personal power and to build upon the foundations you’ve set. Just as the buck’s antlers grow larger and stronger each year, this moon invites you to tap into your inner strength and prepare for the challenges ahead.

The energy of the Buck Moon is bold and confident. It’s a time for action, for pushing forward with projects and goals that require strength and determination. The warm, fertile energy of July fuels our passions and ambitions, helping us reach new heights in our personal growth and achievements.

Symbolism:

• Strength: The Buck Moon encourages you to recognize and embrace your inner power.

• Growth: Just as bucks grow their antlers, this moon represents both physical and spiritual growth.

• Vitality: This moon is filled with life force, urging you to take action and pursue your goals.

Buck Moon Ritual Spell: Embracing Strength

This ritual taps into the bold energy of the Buck Moon, helping you embrace your inner strength and prepare for growth and challenges ahead.

You’ll need:

• A small branch

• A red or orange candle

• A symbol of strength (this could be a crystal, like tiger’s eye, or a personal object)

• A piece of paper

• A pen 

Create your space: Light the red or orange candle, placing the branch in front of you. This represents the strength and growth of the buck’s antlers. Place your symbol of strength beside it.

Reflect: Hold the branch in your hands and reflect on your personal strength. What areas of your life need your resilience and power? Write down a goal or intention that requires your strength and determination.

Chant: 

Buck of power, strong and true,
Grant me strength in all I do.
With each step, I shall grow,
Like your antlers, life shall flow.

Chant this three times, focusing on the strength you need to embrace.

Set your intention: Place the branch and the symbol of strength on your paper. Visualize your goal coming to fruition through your power and determination, just as the buck’s antlers grow each season. Imagine yourself growing stronger with each day.

Complete the ritual: Let the candle burn for a few moments as you visualize your strength growing. Keep the piece of wood and your symbol of strength in a place where you will see them regularly, reminding you of the power you hold within.

Sturgeon Moon (August)

The Sturgeon Moon gets its name from the bountiful fishing season of sturgeon in the Great Lakes and other major bodies of water in August. This moon represents abundance, sustenance and the rewards of hard work. As the summer begins to wane, the Sturgeon Moon invites us to reflect on what we have harvested so far — both physically and spiritually — and to take stock of the abundance that surrounds us. This is a time for gratitude and preparation, ensuring that we have what we need to sustain us through the months ahead.

The energy of the Sturgeon Moon is one of prosperity and fulfillment. It encourages us to recognize the richness in our lives, whether it be in relationships, personal growth or material success. This moon teaches us to appreciate what we have and to plan for the future, preparing for the shifting seasons while still enjoying the abundance of the present.

Symbolism:

• Abundance: The Sturgeon Moon celebrates the harvest of our efforts and the prosperity we have gathered.

• Sustenance: This moon reminds us to ensure we have what we need to sustain us, both physically and spiritually.

• Reflection: It’s a time to reflect on the bounty we’ve accumulated and to prepare for the seasons to come.

Sturgeon Moon Ritual Spell: Gathering Abundance

This ritual focuses on gathering and recognizing the abundance in your life, helping you prepare for the coming months while celebrating the fruits of your labor.

You’ll need:

• A bowl or basket

• A green or gold candle

• A symbol of abundance (such as coins, seeds or something personal)

• A piece of paper

• A pen 

Create your space: Light the green or gold candle and place the bowl or basket in front of you. This represents your harvest and the abundance you have gathered in your life.

Reflect: Think about what abundance has come into your life this year. What have you worked for that is now bearing fruit? Write these blessings down on the piece of paper, reflecting on the rewards of your efforts.

Chant: 

Moon of wealth, sturgeon’s might,
Harvest comes with strength and light.
Abundance flows to me this day,
With gratitude, I find my way.

Chant this three times, visualizing the abundance you’ve gathered and what it means to you.

Set your intention: Place the symbol of abundance in the bowl or basket, symbolizing your recognition of what you’ve harvested. As you do, set an intention for continued prosperity in the months ahead, ensuring you have what you need to sustain you.

Complete the ritual: Let the candle burn for a few moments as you reflect on your blessings and the abundance in your life. Keep the symbol of abundance somewhere significant to remind you of the prosperity you’ve gathered and the preparation you’ve made.

Corn Moon (September)

The Corn Moon takes its name from the time of year when the corn is ready for harvest. In September, farmers historically gathered their crops, ensuring they had enough to sustain them through the colder months. The Corn Moon symbolizes abundance, harvest and preparation, marking a time when we reap what we have sown throughout the year. As the days grow shorter and the air becomes crisper, this moon invites us to focus on gathering our resources and preparing for the challenges of the upcoming season.

The energy of the Corn Moon is one of gratitude and readiness. It encourages us to recognize the efforts we’ve put into our work, both physical and spiritual, and to celebrate the abundance we’ve created. This is also a time to ensure we are prepared for the coming changes, both in nature and in our personal lives, by gathering what we need to sustain us through the fall and winter.

Symbolism:

• Harvest: The Corn Moon is a time to gather the rewards of your hard work and reflect on your efforts.

• Abundance: It represents the richness that comes from both nature and our own endeavors.

• Preparation: This moon encourages us to take stock of what we have and prepare for the months ahead.

Corn Moon Ritual Spell: Gathering the Harvest

This ritual focuses on harvesting your intentions and preparing yourself for the next phase of the year, using the energy of the Corn Moon to ground and sustain you.

You’ll need:

• A small bowl of corn kernels (or seeds, grains or something symbolic of a harvest)

• A brown or yellow candle

• A small basket or container

• A piece of paper

• A pen

Create your space: Light the brown or yellow candle and place the bowl of corn kernels, etc. in front of you. This represents the harvest you are gathering during the Corn Moon.

Reflect: Think about the work you’ve done throughout the year. What have you cultivated, and what are you now harvesting? Write down the things you’ve successfully brought into your life or any lessons you’ve learned.

Chant: 

Corn Moon bright, harvest near,
Gather now what I hold dear.
Richness comes from seeds I’ve sown,
In this time, my strength has grown.

Chant this three times, focusing on the abundance and lessons you’ve gained this year.

Set your intention: Place the corn kernels, etc. into the small basket or container, symbolizing the harvest you’ve gathered from your efforts. As you do, set an intention to continue nurturing these blessings and prepare for the challenges of the upcoming season.

Complete the ritual: Let the candle burn for a few more moments as you focus on the abundance and strength you’ve gathered. Keep the container as a reminder of your harvest and the work you’ve done throughout the year.

Hunter’s Moon (October)

The Hunter’s Moon marks the time of year when hunters traditionally prepared for the coming winter, gathering food to sustain them through the colder months. As the leaves fall and the nights grow longer, the Hunter’s Moon represents focus, preparation and foresight. It encourages us to gather what we need, both physically and spiritually, for the months ahead. This moon’s energy is sharp and purposeful, much like the hunters who relied on their skills and instincts to provide for their families during this critical time.

The Hunter’s Moon invites us to sharpen our focus and set clear intentions for the future. As the season changes, it’s a time to look ahead, ensuring that we are prepared for whatever lies on the horizon. This moon symbolizes a turning point, where we shift from harvesting to storing and protecting our resources, both in the material world and within ourselves.

Symbolism:

• Focus: The Hunter’s Moon sharpens your focus, encouraging you to pursue your goals with precision and clarity.

• Preparation: This moon is a time to gather resources and ensure you’re ready for the coming challenges.

• Foresight: It invites you to look ahead and plan for the future, making sure you have what you need.

Hunter’s Moon Ritual Spell: Sharpening Focus

This ritual taps into the focused energy of the Hunter’s Moon, helping you prepare for the future and ensure that you have the tools you need to succeed.

You’ll need:

• A small knife

• A dark blue or black candle

• A piece of paper

• A pen 

Create your space: Light the dark blue or black candle, placing the knife in front of you. This represents the sharp focus and precision of the Hunter’s Moon.

Reflect: Think about the goals or challenges that lie ahead for you. What do you need to focus on in the coming months? Write down one goal or challenge that requires your full attention and preparation.

Chant: 

Hunter’s Moon, sharp and bright,
Guide my path through darkest night.
With your light, my focus clear,
I will face the coming year.

Chant this three times, focusing on the goal or challenge ahead of you.

Set your intention: Hold the knife or blade carefully and imagine it sharpening your focus and clarity. Visualize yourself successfully navigating the challenges ahead, with a clear mind and a strong sense of purpose. Set your intention by folding the paper with your goal written on it and placing it under the blade.

Complete the ritual: Let the candle burn for a few moments as you focus on the clarity and strength the Hunter’s Moon offers. Keep the paper in a safe place as a reminder of your commitment to your goal.

Beaver Moon (November)

The Beaver Moon is named for the time when beavers are most active, preparing their lodges for the winter ahead. This moon symbolizes hard work, protection and the final preparations before the arrival of winter. Just as beavers diligently build and fortify their homes, the Beaver Moon invites us to focus on building a strong foundation in our own lives, ensuring we have everything we need to face the colder, quieter months. It’s a time to complete projects, gather resources, and create a safe, nurturing space for yourself and your loved ones.

The energy of the Beaver Moon is industrious and practical, urging us to finish what we’ve started and protect what we’ve built. This moon is a reminder that while winter brings a time of rest, it also requires preparation and planning. By securing our physical and emotional spaces, we can face the coming season with confidence and peace of mind.

Symbolism:

• Hard Work: The Beaver Moon encourages diligence and the completion of tasks.

• Protection: It represents the need to fortify your space, both physically and emotionally, for the coming months.

• Preparation: This moon is a time to gather resources and ensure that you’re prepared for the challenges of winter.

Beaver Moon Ritual Spell: Building Protection

This ritual connects with the Beaver Moon’s industrious energy, helping you create a protective and nurturing space as you prepare for the winter ahead.

You’ll need:

• Twigs or small branches

• A brown or gray candle

• A small stone

• A piece of paper

• A pen

Create your space: Light the brown or gray candle and place the twigs or branches in front of you. These represent the strength and protection of a beaver’s dam. Place the stone beside them to symbolize stability.

Reflect: Think about the areas of your life where you need protection and stability. What do you need to secure before the winter months? Write down a list of things you want to protect or nurture during this time.

Chant:

Beaver strong, build my shield,
In your lodge, I shall be healed.
Guard my heart and guard my home,
Through the cold, I’m not alone.

Chant this three times, focusing on the protective energy around you.

Set your intention: Using the twigs or branches, arrange them in a small “lodge” shape in front of the candle. As you do, imagine yourself building a protective barrier around your home and heart, keeping out negativity and harm. Place the stone in the center to symbolize stability and security.

Complete the ritual: Let the candle burn for a few moments as you visualize the safe, nurturing space you’ve created. Keep the stone and twigs as a reminder of the protection and stability you’ve built during this time.

Cold Moon (December)

The Cold Moon takes its name from the deep chill that sets in during December, marking the arrival of winter in full force. As the days grow shorter and the nights longer, the Cold Moon represents endings, stillness and reflection. It’s a time to embrace the quiet and rest, allowing yourself to reflect on the year that has passed and to prepare for the new cycle that will soon begin. Just as nature settles into dormancy, this moon encourages us to slow down, rest, and take stock of what we’ve learned and accomplished.

The energy of the Cold Moon is calm and introspective, inviting us to reflect on our journey over the past year and to release what no longer serves us. This is a time for closure, letting go of old habits or beliefs that have outlived their purpose. The Cold Moon teaches us that in the stillness of winter, we find clarity, renewal and the seeds of new beginnings.

Symbolism:

• Endings: The Cold Moon represents the closing of the year and a time to bring things to completion.

• Stillness: It invites you to embrace the quiet, restful energy of winter and find peace in stillness.

• Reflection: This moon encourages deep introspection, allowing you to look back on your journey and prepare for a new cycle.

Cold Moon Ritual Spell: Releasing the Year

This ritual connects with the reflective, quiet energy of the Cold Moon, helping you release the past year and prepare for a fresh start in the year to come.

You’ll need:

• A white or silver candle

• A small bowl of water

• A small mirror

• A piece of paper

• A felt-tip pen or marker

Create your space: Light the white or silver candle and place the bowl of water and mirror in front of you. The water symbolizes the flow of time, and the mirror represents reflection.

Reflect: Take a few moments to look into the mirror. Reflect on the year that has passed: What have you accomplished? What lessons have you learned? What do you need to let go of? Write down what you are ready to release.

Chant: 

Cold Moon bright, year’s end near,
With your light, all is clear.
Release the old, embrace the new,
In stillness, I find what’s true.

Chant this three times, focusing on releasing the past and making space for new beginnings.

Set your intention: Gently dip the paper into the bowl of water, imagining the old habits, beliefs or experiences you are releasing dissolving into the water. As you do, visualize yourself moving forward into the new year, lighter and more focused.

Complete the ritual: Let the candle burn for a few moments as you sit in the stillness of the Cold Moon. Blow out the candle, then dispose of the water and paper, symbolizing your release of the past. 

Blue Moon: Harnessing Rare Magic

The Blue Moon is a rare and powerful event in the lunar cycle, occurring only once every few years, when there are two full moons within the same month. 

In Wiccan traditions, a Blue Moon is considered an extra-potent time for magic, when the energy of the full moon is intensified. This moon offers a special opportunity to focus on goals or desires that are particularly important or difficult to achieve. Think of it as a magical “bonus round” — a chance to set intentions for things that might otherwise seem out of reach.

Whether it’s a difficult challenge you’ve been struggling with or a dream you’ve held close for years, the Blue Moon provides the perfect moment to work on manifesting what feels impossible. It’s a time to reach higher, dream bigger and tap into the extraordinary.

Symbolism:

• Rarity: The Blue Moon symbolizes unique opportunities, rare moments and heightened magic.

• Extra Power: This moon provides an amplified boost for particularly important goals or challenges.

• Manifestation: It’s the perfect time to manifest long-held dreams or tackle significant life changes.

Blue Moon Ritual Spell: Manifesting the Impossible

This ritual taps into the heightened energy of the Blue Moon, helping you manifest a goal or desire that feels particularly difficult or distant.

You’ll need:

• A blue candle

• A crystal or gemstone that represents your goal (such as amethyst for spiritual growth or citrine for abundance)

• A small bowl of water

• A piece of paper

• A pen

Create your space: Light the blue candle and place the crystal in front of you. The crystal represents the goal or dream you are working toward, and the water symbolizes the rare, flowing energy of the Blue Moon.

Reflect: Think about the one goal or desire that feels the most important to you — something you’ve struggled to achieve or a dream you’ve held for a long time. Write this down on the piece of paper.

Chant: 

Blue Moon rare, shining bright,
Grant me power in your light.
With your magic, I now see,
Manifest what’s meant to be.

Chant this three times, focusing on the energy of the Blue Moon flowing into your intention.

Set your intention: Hold the paper in your hands and visualize your goal coming to fruition. Place the paper under the bowl of water, imagining the water amplifying your desire and carrying it toward manifestation. Focus on the sense of possibility and magic as you set your intention.

Complete the ritual: Let the candle burn for a while longer as you hold your vision of achieving the impossible. Once you feel ready, blow out the candle and carry the crystal with you as a reminder of your Blue Moon manifestation.

The Magic of the Full Moons Throughout the Year

The moon is a constant companion in the sky, guiding us through the changing seasons and reflecting the cycles of growth, harvest, rest and renewal. By aligning ourselves with the energy of the full moon, we deepen our connection to nature and to our own spiritual journey. Each full moon offers a unique opportunity to reflect, set intentions and harness the power of lunar magic.

As you work with the full moons throughout the year, remember that the rituals and spells are not only about manifesting goals, but also about building a deeper relationship with the cycles of the earth and sky. Take time to journal your experiences, noting how each moon affects you and how your intentions grow and change. Over time, you may find patterns in your own life that mirror the lunar cycle, allowing you to align your personal journey more closely with the natural world.

Whether you’re using the Pink Moon to nurture new beginnings or the Hunter’s Moon to sharpen your focus, the energy of the full moon is always there to support your spiritual growth. And for those rare moments when a Blue Moon graces the sky, take the opportunity to reach for the stars and manifest what once seemed impossible.

The full moons are powerful tools of transformation, guiding you through the seasons of your life. Embrace each one with intention, gratitude and a sense of wonder, knowing that the magic of the moon is always within reach. –Wally

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More Wiccan Wonders await!

Iglesia de San Luis de los Franceses: The Baroque Brilliance of Seville’s Hidden Gem

This little-known chapel will have your head spinning, with gorgeous art and jaw-dropping details in every direction.

When we returned to Sevilla, our friend José told us of a little-known but absolutely gorgeous church, the Iglesia de San Luis de los Franceses (the Church of Saint Louis of France). His partner Jo, who I once dubbed the Rock ’n’ Roll Nanny, gave Duke and me a tour of her favorite spots in Sevilla. In between stuffing our faces with delectable tapas dishes and sipping sherry, she took us to see José’s secret spot.  

We arrived during the lull of siesta, so we bided our time the best way we knew how: by indulging in yet more tapas, finding a quaint café in the Macarena neighborhood. 

When we returned to San Luis and entered the main chapel, we stood stock still as we took in the sheer spectacle before us. We understood immediately why José was so captivated — even for us recovered Catholics. Baroque churches have a way of being extravagantly maximalist, but even by those standards, San Luis packs so much into a small space. 

The chapel is a visual feast, where every surface competes for your attention. We moved from one altar to the next, making our way around the circle, grinning immensely and excitedly pointing out strange details to each other. You could spend an hour here and still not catch every detail.

The Schizophrenic History of the Iglesia de San Luis de los Franceses

Built between 1699 and 1730, this Baroque marvel was the crowning achievement of Leonardo de Figueroa, an architect celebrated for his role in shaping Sevilla’s grandest religious spaces. 

The church was originally part of a Jesuit novitiate, meaning it was designed not only for worship but to serve as a spiritual training ground for novices. 

This complex was built on land donated by a noble family with French ties, hence the dedication to Saint Louis, the French King Louis IX.

In those early years, the church was a prime example of Jesuit opulence and influence. Every inch of the building seemed designed to overwhelm with splendor, drawing viewers into a theatrical experience. 

The main chapel, a circular space devoid of traditional seating, was meant to stand as a monument to Jesuit ideals, immersing novices and visitors alike in an atmosphere where spiritual grandeur took precedence over community worship. 

However, in 1767, the Spanish crown expelled the Jesuits. For a time, the building served as a Franciscan convent. 

As the 19th century rolled in, the property underwent secularization and was turned over to the state. The grand altarpieces designed to showcase Jesuit saints were stripped, and the space was adapted for pragmatic uses, including functioning as a factory. 

The building’s role shifted once again as it became a hospice for the city’s elderly and sick. For several decades, the church was a place of stark contrasts — its Baroque details and gilded interiors juxtaposed with the somber reality of its new short-term inhabitants. 

The 20th century saw further change. The once-sacred site became a stage for performances, with productions like Don Juan Tenorio taking advantage of the church’s dramatic acoustics and architecture to tell the tale of the infamous lothario. 

A lightning strike in the 1920s pierced the vault, destroying an oil painting — perhaps serving as a grim suggestion that God wasn’t happy with how the church was being used?

After decades of neglect, San Luis was finally restored in the late 20th century. This revitalization effort sought to reclaim the site’s former glory, reopening the doors of the church, domestic chapel and crypt to the public. 

Architectural Highlights of the Iglesia de San Luis de los Franceses 

The façade alone is a visual feast. Ornate Solomonic columns twist skyward, framing a riot of Baroque symbolism covering the pale pink building. Statues of saints and angels stand guard like sentinels, their expressions a mix of stern devotion and regal authority. Above the entrance, the coat of arms of Spain is crowned by three archangels.

The Surreal Spirituality of the Main Chapel

But it’s when you step inside that the full spectacle begins. The church was designed in a Greek cross layout, and from the moment you cross the threshold, your gaze is drawn upward to the magnificent dome. Light filters through the lantern high above, illuminating frescoes that swirl like divine visions. Painted by Lucas Valdés, these frescoes depict scenes of Christian virtues — obedience, chastity, humility — interspersed with symbols of Solomon’s Temple. (Side note: Did King Solomon really exist?)

The main chapel is something of an enigma. Circular and intimate, it has no pews. Jesuit novices would have stood in silent contemplation, absorbing the intricate carvings, gilded reliefs and soaring altarpieces that fill the space. This is Baroque at its most intense. 

At the center of the main altar is a painting of San Luis, the church’s namesake, attributed to the school of Zurbarán. Flanking this are paintings of the Immaculate Conception and the Virgin of Bethlehem, all framed by mirrors that multiply the radiance of the gold. (Learn more about the various depictions of the Virgin Mary.)

But what really caught our eye are the relics embedded within this luxurious setting. Encased in delicate reliquaries, you’ll find a skull, ribs, and fragments of bones belonging to Jesuit holy men like Saint Ignatius of Loyola and Saint Francis Xavier. Vials of blood, believed to belong to lesser-known saints, are encased in gold and glass. There’s also a piece of cloth from Saint Stanislaus Kostka’s robes to honor this Polish saint who died at the age of 18. 

Each side altar tells a different story through its artwork and relics. On one side are scenes celebrating Jesuit virtues (devotion, sacrifice, spiritual fortitude), while the other side showcases key moments from the lives of saints who exemplified those ideals. 

The black-and-white checkered floor calls to mind dualities — light and dark, good and evil, the sacred and the profane — echoing the spiritual journey of navigating moral choices central to Jesuit teachings. In a space filled with opulence, the simple geometry of the floor offers a grounding presence, representing the balance between the earthly and divine realms. 

This is a chapel designed not just to be seen but to be felt — a place where spiritual reverence mingles with a sense of the macabre. 

The Domestic Chapel

As you wind through the quiet corridors of the Iglesia de San Luis de los Franceses, following almost inconspicuous signs, you find yourself in another part of the complex. This secluded space, the Domestic Chapel, hidden within the old Jesuit novitiate, was designed for private worship by the novices. It’s a single-nave chapel, but, like the Main Chapel, don’t let its size deceive you — its beauty and detail are breathtaking.

The chapel is lavishly adorned, featuring stunning frescoes by Lucas Valdés and Domingo Martínez, and sculptures by the renowned Duque Cornejo. 

The richly ornamented altarpiece is a visual celebration of the Eucharist. At its center is the Virgin Mary, a gift from Saint Francis Borgia, flanked by statues of Saint Stanislaus Kostka and Saint Aloysius Gonzaga. Above the Virgin, a relief depicts Saint Stanislaus’ reception into the novitiate in Rome, surrounded by medallions illustrating the lives of Saint Francis Xavier and Saint Francis Borgia. Saints alive!

The Crypt

The crypt, once sealed off and hidden, has now been opened to the public. That being said, there’s not much to see here. The crypt of the Iglesia de San Luis de los Franceses is a subdued space — especially when contrasted to the crazily ornate rest of the church or something like the catacombs of Paris — primarily intended for meditation and remembrance. 

Over 300 bodies are buried in the crypt — though you’d never know that. There’s not a single marker. So who’s buried down there? Some members of the Jesuit order and other notable figures associated with the church, although specific records of who’s interred there are sparse. 

Haunting Tales of San Luis de los Franceses

One of the most unsettling tales of this church is that of Manuel Cantelar. In the 1990s, this troubled man is said to have staggered toward the church one fateful night, a knife clenched tightly in his trembling hands. Eyes glazed with despair (or madness), he pressed the blade against his chest and threw himself against the cold stone façade in a bizarre form of suicide. It’s said his spirit never left. 

Strange occurrences continue to plague the church. Workers involved in restoration projects have spoken of tools vanishing, only to have them reappear in baffling places. Even the bravest of them have confessed to hearing ghostly whispers and feeling a sudden chill as if unseen eyes were fixed on them. And then there are the dogs. They growl and snarl at empty spaces, their hackles raised, as if warning off an unseen presence.

Even now, the murmur of phantom voices and the chill of restless spirits might greet anyone daring enough to explore the forgotten corners of San Luis de los Franceses.

Visiting the Iglesia de San Luis de los Franceses

As we left the church of San Luis de los Franceses, we couldn’t help but feel a sense of awe at the beauty and history of this often-overlooked treasure — from the grand Main Chapel with its imposing dome and intricate altarpieces to the almost-as-impressive Domestic Chapel tucked away from the main church. 

While most visitors will make sure to see the Seville Cathedral, we found its beauty to only be skin deep: The façade is much more impressive than its interior. That’s why we were so happy to marvel in surprise at the unexpected tiny-by-comparison grandeur of San Luis. We owe our heartfelt thanks to our friends Jo and José for encouraging us to explore this hidden gem, a reminder that some of Seville’s most stunning spaces lie just beyond the well-trodden paths. –Wally

The deets

Hours
Monday: Closed
Tuesday to Sunday: 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. and 4 p.m. to 8 p.m. 
Summer hours (July 1 to August 31): 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. 
Note: Ticket sales end 15 minutes before closing time, and visitors are asked to leave 10 minutes prior to closing. 

Cost: €4, with discounts for students, seniors and local residents

Tour options: Guided tours are available as are audio guides in multiple languages. 

Iglesia de San Luis de los Franceses

Calle de San Luis, 37
41003 Sevilla
Spain 

 

Controversial Takes on the Garden of Eden and the Fall of Man

Shocking alternative theories of biblical interpretation of Eden, Eve, the forbidden fruit, the serpent and original sin.

The Garden of Eden is considered the quintessential paradise — an untouched, idyllic realm where rivers flowed, trees bore fruit in abundance, and harmony reigned. At its heart stood the Tree of Life and the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, both laden with mystery and meaning. But was Eden a literal place, a symbolic lesson or something altogether different? Are you willing to take a bite of the Tree of Knowledge — and face the consequences?

RELATED: Did God Really Create the World in Seven Days?

Was Eden an Actual Garden?

The Hebrew word translated as “garden” (gan) doesn’t fully capture its significance. In fact, some scholars argue that Eden was more akin to a sanctuary or a royal park — a sacred space where divine and human realms intersected. 

For some, this shifts the narrative from a picturesque plot of land to a space designed for communion between humanity and God. If Eden is a sanctuary, it might suggest that this story is about something deeper — less about location, more about the intended relationship between humanity and the divine. Remember: God would hang out and take walks with Adam and Eve. 

RELATED: What Does God Look Like?

The Tree of Knowledge: To Be Godlike?

The Tree of Knowledge is central to this story — a tree that was off-limits yet irresistible. Putting this temptation right in the middle of the garden wasn’t the nicest thing God could have done. 

Scholars have long debated what the tree truly represents. Is it about moral discernment, free will or something darker? 

Ellen van Wolde, in Reframing Biblical Studies, argues that the Hebrew word for knowledge (da’at) implies more than just knowing good from evil. It’s about power, authority and wisdom traditionally reserved for the divine. The tree, then, may be less about moral choice and more about the dangers of encroaching on knowledge and power intended only for God.

East vs. West: Interpretations of the Serpent

The serpent slithers in as the story’s most cryptic figure. While popular culture casts the serpent as Satan himself, the original text never makes that connection. Instead, the serpent’s role is open to interpretation. 

James Barr, in The Garden of Eden and the Hope of Immortality, suggests that the serpent is a trickster figure, a symbol of chaos and subversion found in myths across cultures (think Loki, Hermes, the Joker and Deadpool). 

Gnostic traditions even flip the script entirely, portraying the serpent as a liberator who offers true knowledge, freeing humanity from an oppressive deity. 

In many Eastern cultures, snakes are revered as symbols of wisdom, fertility and even immortality. For example, in Hinduism and Buddhism, the serpent (naga) is seen as a powerful, protective force — often associated with deities and cosmic balance. In Chinese mythology, snakes are linked to longevity and good fortune, with the snake being one of the 12 zodiac animals, symbolizing deep intuition and transformation.

Contrast that with the Western tradition, where snakes have often been portrayed as malevolent creatures tied to deceit and danger. This demonization largely stems from the influence of the Bible, particularly the story of Eden. Over time, Christian theology increasingly equated the serpent with Satan himself — despite the original Genesis text never explicitly making that connection. The idea solidified through later interpretations and religious art, reinforcing the image of the serpent as a vessel of evil.

This stark difference in cultural symbolism reflects a deeper divide in worldview. In Eastern traditions, the snake’s ability to shed its skin is seen as a metaphor for renewal and spiritual growth. Meanwhile, in the West, this same attribute is often viewed with suspicion, implying deception and the capacity to mislead — qualities emphasized in the Eden narrative.

So, the serpent’s reputation as a trickster in the Garden of Eden could be interpreted through a dual lens: one that either condemns it as the catalyst of humanity’s fall or respects it as an agent of transformative knowledge. 

The Fruit: Apple, Fig or Something Else?

The forbidden fruit is widely portrayed as an apple, but the Bible is conspicuously silent on the specifics. Some scholars speculate that it could have been a fig, linking it to the fig leaves Adam and Eve later use to cover themselves (Genesis 3:7). 

Others suggest a pomegranate, a fruit rich in symbolism across ancient cultures, often associated with fertility and the underworld. 

Apples are originally native to Central Asia, specifically the area around modern-day Kazakhstan. They eventually spread to Europe, but they wouldn’t have been a common fruit in the ancient Near East. So how did apples become the go-to symbol for the forbidden fruit?

The answer lies in a combination of linguistic coincidence and artistic tradition. In the 4th century, when the Bible was translated into Latin, the word for evil, malum, closely resembled the word for apple, malus. This play on words may have led to the association between the apple and the forbidden fruit. Over time, Western art reinforced this image, depicting Eve handing Adam an apple in countless paintings and sculptures, cementing the fruit’s place in popular imagination.

Eden and Other Myths: A Remix of Ancient Stories?

The Garden of Eden narrative shares striking similarities with older myths from the ancient Near East, particularly the Sumerian tale of Dilmun, a paradise described as a place without sickness, death or  suffering. In this story, Dilmun is a garden blessed by the gods, where pure waters flow and all living creatures thrive in harmony. Much like Eden, Dilmun is portrayed as a utopia, symbolizing a world untouched by the corruption of mortality.

What’s fascinating is how these myths overlap and diverge. The Sumerian myth, which predates the biblical account by several centuries (the earliest versions of Dilmun date back to around 2100 BCE, as opposed to the Genesis story, which was written sometime much later, sometime around 580 BCE), emphasizes the idea of a divinely created paradise. Genesis, on the other hand, reinterprets this concept in a monotheistic framework. 

One key difference lies in the purpose of these narratives. While Dilmun is primarily a tale of divine blessing and the ideal state of life, Eden’s narrative centers on a moral test, the introduction of human free will and the consequences of overreaching divine boundaries. 

Another parallel is found in the Mesopotamian Epic of Gilgamesh, which contains a scene where the hero seeks a plant that grants immortality, only to lose it to a serpent. This echoes the Eden story, where a serpent plays a central role in the loss of paradise. The Epic of Gilgamesh, likely written around 1800 BCE, also predates Genesis and suggests that the themes of a lost paradise and a deceiving serpent were circulating in the cultural consciousness long before the Hebrew Bible was compiled.

The Fall of Man: Paradise Lost

We all know the basics: Adam, Eve, a serpent, a forbidden fruit and the catastrophe that supposedly cursed all of humanity. But what if this story isn’t just a cautionary tale of disobedience? Scholars have long debated whether the so-called “Fall” was a tragic mistake or a necessary event — perhaps even one destined from the start. Is this exile merely a punishment — or is it part of humanity’s necessary evolution? 

Traditionally, the Fall is framed as humanity’s catastrophic lapse — the moment Adam and Eve traded paradise for suffering, death and toil. But what if it was less about disobedience and more about the maturation of humanity? Elaine Pagels argues in The Gnostic Gospels that eating the fruit was a catalyst for growth. Rather than a “fall” from grace, the story can be seen as a necessary step toward knowledge and independence. The departure from Eden marks the beginning of human history, with all its ambiguities, tensions and possibilities. 

The garden may have been a place of bliss, but it was also a place of ignorance. Leaving Eden means entering the world of complexity — where knowledge, creativity and culture become possible. In this reading, the “Fall” is less a tragedy and more the first step toward becoming fully human.

In this light, the knowledge of good and evil isn’t simply a curse but the beginning of human moral consciousness — the first moment when humans took responsibility for their choices and lives.

Eve as the Scapegoat: Misogyny in the Making

It’s impossible to discuss the Fall without addressing Eve’s role. For centuries, she’s been painted as the original temptress, responsible for humanity’s descent into sin. But feminist scholars like Phyllis Trible in God and the Rhetoric of Sexuality argue that this reading is a distortion. Eve’s act is often presented as malicious and subversive, yet the text itself describes her as thoughtful and engaged in ethical reasoning. 

The vilification of Eve has led to centuries of misogynistic interpretations, turning her into a scapegoat for humanity’s flaws. A more nuanced reading might see Eve as curious, rational and willing to take risks — qualities that are both human and, in many ways, admirable.

Original Sin: A Later Invention

The concept of “original sin” — the idea that Adam and Eve’s disobedience condemned all future generations — largely comes from Saint Augustine’s interpretation, which heavily influenced Christian doctrine. But is this really what the Genesis authors intended? John Hick, in Evil and the God of Love, suggests that inherited guilt was an overlay imposed by later Christian theology. There’s no evidence that early Jewish interpretations saw the Fall as a hereditary curse, he argues. 

The original story, then, may have been more concerned with the inevitability of human frailty rather than branding all of humanity with perpetual guilt. The shift in interpretation has had profound consequences, shaping millennia of theology and human self-perception.

Exile From Eden

The tale of Eden and the Fall of Man is a story that has sunk its teeth into human imagination for millennia — a seemingly simple narrative of temptation and transgression that, upon closer inspection, reveals layers of meaning and controversy. 

From a sanctuary more akin to a divine throne room than a garden, to a serpent who might be more liberator than villain, and a bite that offered not just forbidden fruit but the bitter-sweet taste of knowledge and independence, this story challenges our notions of innocence, guilt and what it means to be human. Perhaps we never lost paradise after all. –Wally

How to Celebrate Samhain: Rituals, Traditions and the Magic of Halloween, the Witches’ New Year

This Wiccan holiday marks the thinning of the veil, when divination, honoring the dead and embracing the darkness come together.

The air is cool, almost biting, as you walk through a darkened forest. The leaves, once ablaze in fiery autumn colors, have now turned brown and brittle, carpeting the forest floor with a soft, crackling layer. The moon, full and heavy in the sky, bathes the landscape in a silver glow, casting long, eerie shadows among the trees. Somewhere in the distance, you hear the low hoot of an owl and the rustling of creatures unseen.

It’s spooky Samhain — the Wiccan festival that follows Mabon, marking the end of the harvest season and the beginning of winter. It’s a time when the veil between the living and the dead is at its thinnest, a liminal period when spirits walk among us and the mysteries of the afterlife feel closer than ever. For Wiccans, Samhain is the witches’ New Year, a night to honor ancestors, reflect on the cycle of life and death, and embrace the darkness that comes with the closing of the year.

Samhain (pronounced Sow-en) isn’t just a time of endings, but also of new beginnings — where the seeds of the future are planted in the fertile darkness. As the wheel of the year turns, Samhain invites you to look inward, to confront the shadows within and without, and to prepare for the quiet, introspective months ahead.

So whether you’re lighting candles to guide the spirits home, carving pumpkins to ward off malevolent forces, or simply sitting by a fire with a cup of mulled cider, this guide will walk you through the history, the rituals and the ways you can celebrate Samhain in a way that’s meaningful, magical and deeply connected to the turning of the seasons.

Samhain has profoundly influenced the history of Halloween. Many of the customs we associate with Halloween trace their origins back to the ancient rites of the Celtic holiday.

The Myth of Samhain

Long before Samhain became a part of Wiccan tradition, it was celebrated by the ancient Celts as the festival of the dead. According to legend, it was on Samhain night that the great hero, Cú Chulainn, faced his final battle. Wounded and weakened, he tied himself to a standing stone so he could die on his feet, sword in hand, defying death itself.

As Cú Chulainn’s life ebbed away, the Morrígan, the great Celtic goddess of war and fate, appeared before him in the form of a crow, her dark wings fluttering as she perched on his shoulder. It was said that the Morrígan would come to those who were destined to die, and her presence signaled the hero’s inevitable end. But even as his strength failed him, Cú Chulainn refused to fall, his spirit unbroken even in death.

Samhain, in this way, became a time to honor the dead and to remember the heroes who had passed on, their spirits crossing the thin veil to join the ancestors. 

It was also a night of divination, where the future could be glimpsed through the mists of the otherworld, and the Morrígan herself might appear to those brave enough to seek her out.

As the Celts gathered around their fires, they told stories of the old gods and heroes, lighting candles and making offerings to ensure that the spirits of their ancestors would find their way home. The fires burned bright through the night, keeping the darkness at bay and offering protection from the malevolent spirits that roamed the land.

Symbols and Correspondences of Samhain  

Samhain is rich with symbols that reflect the themes of death, rebirth and the thinning of the veil between worlds. From the glowing jack-o'-lantern to the sacred bonfire, these symbols are more than just decorations — they carry deep meaning, connecting us to the cycles of life, death and renewal.

Jack-o'-Lanterns: Guiding Spirits and Warding Off Evil  

The tradition of carving jack-o'-lanterns dates back to ancient Celtic practices of creating turnip lanterns to guide the spirits of the dead on Samhain night. 

The flickering light inside was meant to represent the souls of the departed, while the carved faces served to ward off malevolent spirits that might wander too close. 

As the custom crossed the Atlantic, pumpkins replaced turnips, and the jack-o’-lantern became a quintessential symbol of Halloween.

In your Samhain celebrations, consider carving a pumpkin with symbols that hold personal significance. Place it on your doorstep or windowsill as a beacon for the spirits of loved ones and as a protective charm against darker forces.

The Bonfire: A Beacon of Protection and Renewal  

Bonfires have long been a part of Samhain celebrations, serving as a powerful symbol of protection and purification. In ancient times, people would gather around these fires, tossing in offerings of food, herbs and other items to ensure a bountiful year to come. The bonfire’s light was believed to ward off evil spirits and guide the souls of the departed back to the otherworld.

If you’re able, gather around a fire on Samhain night — whether it’s a roaring outdoor bonfire or a simple candle lit indoors. Use this time to meditate on the cycles of life and death, and to release any fears or anxieties into the flames, allowing the fire’s transformative power to cleanse and renew your spirit.

Apples: The Fruit of the Otherworld

In Celtic mythology, apples were considered sacred, often associated with the otherworld and the land of the dead. It was believed that the fruit could grant access to the mysteries of the afterlife, and on Samhain, apples were used in divination rites to glimpse into the future.

To incorporate apples into your Samhain rituals, consider performing a simple divination by slicing an apple crosswise to reveal the hidden star within. Eat the apple mindfully, asking for insight or guidance, and let the seeds be a reminder of the potential for new beginnings even in the darkest times.

SkullS and Bones: Symbols of Mortality  

Skulls and bones are powerful symbols of Samhain, representing mortality and the thin line between the living and the dead. They remind us of the impermanence of life and the inevitability of death, urging us to honor those who have passed and to reflect on our own journeys.

Decorate your altar with small skulls or bones (real or symbolic) to connect with the energies of the season. These symbols can serve as a focal point for meditation, helping you to confront and accept the natural cycles of life and death.

A Samhain Ritual: Honoring the Dead and Welcoming the New Year

Samhain is a time for deep reflection, honoring those who have passed, and preparing for the new beginnings that lie ahead. This simple ritual is designed to help you connect with the energies of the season and the spirits of your ancestors.

What you’ll need

• A black candle (for protection and the dark half of the year)

• A white candle (for purification and the light to come)

• A photo or memento of a loved one who has passed

• A small bowl of water (symbolizing the veil between worlds)

• An offering (such as bread, wine or herbs)

• A journal and pen for reflection

1. Set the space.  

Begin by finding a quiet place where you won’t be disturbed. Cast a ritual circle if you want. 

Arrange your candles, photo or memento, and offering on a small table or altar. Light the black candle, focusing on the protection and guidance it brings as the dark half of the year begins. As you light the candle, say:  

“I light this flame to guide me through the darkness. May it protect me and illuminate the path ahead.”

2. Honor your ancestors. 

Hold the photo or memento of your loved one in your hands. Close your eyes and take a few deep breaths, visualizing the face or presence of this person. Speak to them as though they are with you, expressing gratitude for their influence in your life and asking for their guidance in the coming year. Place the photo or memento next to the black candle.

3. Reflect on the year. 

Take a moment to think about the past year — the lessons learned, the challenges faced and the growth achieved. Write down your reflections in your journal, allowing your thoughts to flow freely. This is also a time to acknowledge what you are ready to release as the year ends.

4. Light the white candle.  

Light the white candle, symbolizing the new light that will eventually return. As you do, say:  

“As the wheel turns, I welcome the light that will come after the darkness. I honor the past, embrace the present and look forward to the future.”

5. Make an offering. 

Pour a small amount of water into the bowl, symbolizing the thinning veil between the worlds. Take your offering and place it in front of the candles, saying:  

“I give thanks for the blessings of the past year and offer this gift in gratitude. May it nourish the spirits of those who have gone before and guide me through the year to come.”

6. Close the ritual.  

Spend a few moments in quiet reflection, feeling the connection between the past, present and future. When you’re ready, blow out the candles, starting with the black one and then the white. Thank the spirits and energies that have been present during your ritual. 

You may wish to leave the bowl of water and the offering on your altar overnight or dispose of them outside, returning them to the earth.

Other Ritual Activities for Samhain

Ancestral Altar 

Take a cue from the Day of the Dead: One of the most meaningful ways to celebrate Samhain is by creating an altar dedicated to your ancestors. This sacred space can be adorned with photos, mementos, candles, and offerings of food and drink. Light a candle for each ancestor you wish to honor, and spend time in quiet reflection, speaking to them as though they are present.

As you sit before the altar, say:

“On this night, as the veil grows thin, I honor the spirits of those who have come before me. I give thanks for their wisdom, their love, and their guidance. May they find peace and may their light continue to guide me.”

Silent Supper

A silent supper, or dumb supper, is a traditional Samhain ritual where a meal is prepared and eaten in complete silence to honor the dead. The table is set with an extra place for the spirits of loved ones who have passed, inviting them to join in the feast. The silence is maintained to show respect and to create a space for communication with the otherworld.

Prepare a meal with seasonal ingredients, such as root vegetables, apples and hearty grains. As you eat, reflect on the lives of those who have gone before you, and listen for any messages or insights that may come to you in the stillness.

Scrying and Divination  

Samhain is an ideal time for scrying, a form of divination that involves gazing into a reflective surface to receive visions or insights. Traditionally, a black mirror, a bowl of water, tarot cards or a crystal ball might be used for this purpose.

Apple Peel Divination: A Simple Samhain Rite

Apples, symbols of magic and the otherworld, lend themselves perfectly to a straightforward divination practice during Samhain. 

To begin, find a quiet space and hold a fresh apple while focusing on a question or intention. 

Slowly peel the apple in one continuous strip, keeping your mind centered on the guidance you seek. 

Once peeled, toss the strip over your left shoulder and observe the shape it forms on the ground. The peel may reveal a letter, symbol or shape that offers insight into your question. 

Finally, record your impressions and consider how this message might guide you in the coming months. The apple peel divination is a traditional, easy and meaningful way to connect with the energies of Samhain.

Feasting: A Harvest of Flavor

As the final harvest festival, Samhain is the perfect time to celebrate with a feast that honors the season’s bounty and the transition into the darker half of the year. Traditional Samhain foods are rich and hearty, and often infused with the warmth of spices to chase away the chill of autumn nights.

Root vegetables like potatoes, carrots and turnips take center stage, often roasted or simmered into comforting stews. Apples, ever the symbol of wisdom and connection to the otherworld, are used in everything from pies to ciders, adding a sweet, crisp note to the table. You might also enjoy hearty breads, pumpkin dishes, and anything spiced with cinnamon, cloves or nutmeg — all of which evoke the essence of the season.

For a truly magical touch, consider baking a special Samhain loaf or cake, embedding a small charm or token inside. As you share the cake with loved ones, the person who finds the charm may receive a special blessing or message for the year ahead. This tradition not only adds an element of fun to your feast but also connects you to the ancient customs of divination and celebration that have long been part of Samhain.

Whether you’re cooking for a crowd or enjoying a quiet meal alone, let your Samhain feast be a time of reflection and gratitude, a celebration of both the harvest and the mysteries of the season.

Samhain Crafts and Activities

Samhain offers a wealth of creative opportunities to engage with the season’s energy and themes. Here are some activities that you can incorporate into your celebrations:

Creating Spirit Dolls

Crafting spirit dolls is a traditional Samhain activity that allows you to create a tangible representation of your ancestors or spirit guides. Using natural materials like twigs, corn husks or fabric scraps, fashion a small doll that symbolizes a loved one or spiritual protector. 

As you create your doll, focus on the qualities or energies you wish to honor or invite into your life. These spirit dolls can be placed on your altar or kept in a special place in your home as a way to stay connected to those who have passed or to receive guidance from the spirit world.

Bone Rattles

A bone rattle is a powerful tool for connecting with the spirit realm, and making your own can be a meaningful Samhain project. Collect small bones from ethically sourced materials (or substitute with sticks or shells) and attach them to a sturdy handle, such as a piece of driftwood or a carved stick. As you shake the rattle, the sound is said to call forth spirits and ancestors, making it a potent addition to your Samhain rituals or meditations.

Ancestor Story Stones

Gather a set of small, smooth stones and paint or draw symbols on them that represent stories, traits or memories of your ancestors. These could include simple images like a tree, a house or an object they were known for. 

Use these stones in a storytelling ritual, where you draw a stone at random and share or reflect on the story or memory it represents. This activity not only honors your ancestors but also keeps their stories alive and connected to your present life.

Herbal Sachets for Protection

As the veil between worlds thins, creating herbal sachets for protection is a practical and magical way to safeguard your space. Combine herbs traditionally associated with protection, such as rosemary, sage and juniper, and place them in small fabric pouches. You can hang these sachets by your door, carry them with you, or place them under your pillow to ward off negative energies and invite peace into your home.

These activities are not only fun and creative but also deeply connected to the themes of Samhain, offering ways to honor the past, protect the present and prepare for the future.

Samhain: Embracing the Shadows and Honoring the Past

As the wheel of the year turns, Samhain invites us to pause, reflect and connect with the mysteries of life, death and the unseen. It’s a time to honor our ancestors, embrace the darker aspects of our existence, and prepare for the introspective journey through the winter months.

Whether through ritual, feasting or creative activities, Samhain offers a space to engage with the deeper cycles of life and to find meaning in both the endings and the beginnings that this season represents. As you light your candles, prepare your offerings and set your intentions, remember that Samhain isn’t just about looking back at what has passed, but also about planting the seeds of what is yet to come.

May your Samhain be filled with the magic of the season, the warmth of remembered love and the quiet anticipation of the new year ahead. –Wally

Controversial Takes on the Creation: Rethinking the Genesis Story

Explore the Genesis creation story through the lens of symbolic timelines, ancient mythological influences, and the evolving dialogue on gender roles and the imago Dei. 

It all starts with a void, a formless, dark abyss. Then, a single command — “Let there be light” — kicks off the creation of the universe. In a mere seven days (or was it?), God separates light from darkness and land from sea, populates the animal kingdom and eventually crafts humanity in his image. It’s a tale almost everyone knows, but beneath its simplicity lies a world of debate, alternative interpretations and a bit of controversy.

“Things get even more interesting when you look at the original Hebrew. The word for God here is Elohim, which is a plural noun.

So what gives? ”

The Cosmic Timeline: Literal Days or Epic Metaphor?

While many people believe that Genesis lays out a precise timeframe — six 24-hour days followed by a well-earned divine rest — others argue that this timeline is more symbolic. 

Let’s recall that the Bible isn’t a science textbook. The Old Testament was composed by various authors over many centuries, reflecting a range of perspectives and historical contexts. Many scholars believe that large portions were never intended to be taken literally, but were instead written as symbolic narratives or moral lessons.

The Day-Age Theory

One interpretation, known as the Day-Age Theory, suggests that each “day” represents a long epoch rather than a 24-hour time period. This perspective attempts to reconcile the biblical narrative with scientific understandings of the age of the universe. Advocates of this view point out that the Hebrew word used in Genesis, yom, can refer to different lengths of time, depending on the context.

This discussion enriches the Genesis narrative by allowing for interpretations that align with both ancient cultural contexts and modern scientific perspectives. For example, on the third day, God separated the land from the sea — an event that, according to this view, could have unfolded over millennia.

Other Ancient Myths: Genesis in a Broader Context

The Genesis creation story isn’t a one-of-a-kind tale; it’s more like a remix of the ancient world’s greatest hits. Back in the day, everyone from the Babylonians to the Egyptians had their own origin stories, where gods shaped the world. 

One of the most famous of these is the Babylonian Enuma Elish, a myth dating back to the 2nd millennium BCE.

In both Genesis and the Enuma Elish, creation begins in a world of water and darkness. Genesis opens with “the Spirit of God hovering over the waters” (Genesis 1:2), while the Enuma Elish starts with the mingling of the freshwater god Apsu and the saltwater goddess Tiamat. 

The key difference lies in how order is brought out of this chaos. In the Enuma Elish, creation is the result of a violent divine conflict. The god Marduk slays Tiamat and slices her body in half, using one part to create the heavens and the other to form the earth. In contrast, Genesis depicts an orderly and peaceful process: God speaks, and creation happens. The text emphasizes that the world is brought into being through divine command rather than conflict. 

The Divine Council and the Elohim Mystery

Another similarity lies in the presence of a divine council. In both Genesis and the Enuma Elish, the idea of a higher assembly is present. Genesis hints at this in phrases like, “Let us make man in our image” (Genesis 1:26), which have led some scholars to suggest that the pluralization in the text is alluding to a divine council. In the Enuma Elish, Marduk consults with a council of gods before he takes action. 

Things get even more interesting when you look at the original Hebrew. The word for God here is Elohim, which is a plural noun. So what gives? Is this a slip-up, a relic from polytheistic roots or a majestic way to express the fullness of God? 

Gender Roles and the Imago Dei

Genesis 1:27 famously states, “So God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.” This single verse has sparked endless debates about what it means to be made in God’s image and what it implies about gender roles. Is the imago Dei (image of God) about physical form, moral capacity, the ability to rule or something else entirely? And does the verse suggest that men and women were created as equal partners, or is there an embedded hierarchy that reflects traditional patriarchal structures?

Some scholars, like Phyllis Trible, argue that this verse in Genesis 1 speaks to an egalitarian creation — where male and female are equal partners from the outset, challenging the patriarchal interpretations that became more prevalent later in history. In her book God and the Rhetoric of Sexuality, Trible contends that the language used here emphasizes a shared humanity and mutuality between men and women. The simultaneous creation of male and female in God’s image resists any notion of hierarchy, positioning both as equal bearers of divine likeness and true partners.

The Creation Sequence in Genesis 2: Hierarchy or Partnership?

However, interpretations shift when moving to Genesis 2, where the creation of Eve from Adam’s rib introduces what some see as a declaration of male supremacy. In this version, Adam is created first, given the command to name the animals, and then put to sleep so that Eve can be made from his side. For many, this sequence has been used to argue that men hold a leadership role over women, with Eve’s creation from Adam symbolizing her derivative nature.

Bruce Waltke, in his book Genesis: A Commentary, explores how this narrative has been employed regarding gender roles. There are two schools of thought: Those who support a complementarian view argue that the sequence indicates a divinely ordained leadership role for men, while those who support egalitarianism emphasize the unity and mutual dependence expressed in the phrase “bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh” (Genesis 2:23).

Another angle in this debate revolves around what it means to bear the image of God in relation to rulership. Genesis 1:26 says, “Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. And let them have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over the livestock and over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.”

The plural “them” suggests that both male and female share in this dominion. John H. Walton, in The Lost World of Genesis One, argues that rulership is a key aspect of what it means to be made in God’s image, and that this dominion is intended to be a joint responsibility. The image of God in humanity is primarily functional, emphasizing our role as God’s representatives on Earth, with male and female equally in charge.

As Trible and others have pointed out, the so-called “curse” of patriarchy in Genesis 3, where God tells Eve, “Your desire shall be for your husband, and he shall rule over you” (Genesis 3:16), is framed as a consequence of the Fall, not a prescriptive mandate for all time. Trible argues that this shift is a distortion of the original egalitarian ideal and that the redemption of humanity should seek to restore the balance intended in the creation narratives.

The demonization of Eve (and, by extension, all women) continues in the telling of the Garden of Eden and the Fall of Man. 

The Creation Story: Timeless, Yet Ever-Evolving

The Genesis creation story may be ancient, but its interpretations continue to evolve. From questions about the cosmic timeline to debates over the roles of men and women, these texts invite us to look deeper, challenging us to explore the intersections between faith, history and science. 

The conversation is far from over — and maybe that’s the point. Genesis opens with the words, “In the beginning,” reminding us that even in our understanding, we’re still at the start of a much larger journey. –Wally

Weird and Wonderful Woodstock, New York

Woodstock unplugged: The site of the 1969 music festival is an artsy, laidback town in the Hudson Valley, where cool shops, great eats and local treasures abound.

A glimpse of the adorable backyard of Tinker Taco along Tannery Brook in Woodstock, New York

When you hear the name Woodstock, do you picture Snoopy’s little yellow sidekick from the Peanuts comic strip, or do peace-loving hippies, patchouli and that legendary rock and folk music festival held in the summer of 1969 come to mind?

Well, here’s the twist, man: Technically, the historic lovefest didn’t even happen in Woodstock! It actually took place on a 600-acre dairy farm, in the neighboring town of Bethel, about 60 miles southwest. Although it was a success in terms of cultural significance, it was a logistical failure — there wasn’t enough food or enough toilets. But according to Wally, they were high, they were hippies, and they couldn’t have cared less.

Despite this misconception, I imagine Woodstock had a better ring to it than Bethel, and the name stuck. 

Papa, Wally and Duke on Tannery Brook Bridge, enjoying their time in Woodstock, New York

Woodstock’s laidback, artistic spirit continues to evolve and thrive, and this small town, nestled in the foothills of the Catskill Mountains along the Hudson River, turned out to be exactly the vibe we were looking for during our four-day Hudson Valley weekend.

Read on for our list of our favorite spots along Mill Hill Road and Tinker Street in the charming burg of Woodstock, including a couple of recommendations on where to stop and refuel along the way. 

Tinker Street and Mill Hill Road

The main thoroughfares of Woodstock are Tinker Street and Mill Road, a walkable stretch lined with locally owned shops, restaurants, galleries and other businesses catering to residents and visitors alike. 

The Mud Club 

We started our day at the Mud Club (a nod to the famously muddy aforementioned festival in Bethel). We headed straight to the hulking brown barn to order four of their Montreal-style bagels from the service window. 

Established in 2017 by brothers Nicolas and Gray Ballinger, along with their father Doug, their irregularly shaped hand-rolled bagels are briefly poached in honey-sweetened water and baked in a wood-fired oven, resulting in a bagel with a crisp exterior and a denser chew than a New York-style bagel. 

The Mud Club vibe? Think rustic yet quirky mountain lodge with a side of artisanal coffee. Their rotating selection of single-origin beans, sourced from regions like Ethiopia, Kenya, Peru and Honduras, expertly roasted by Brooklyn-based Mud Club, are sure to satisfy even the most discerning caffeine connoisseur.

The Mud Club
43 Mill Hill Road

Bread Alone Bakery

You know what they say: Man cannot live on bread alone. But if we did — we’d be happy getting our sustenance at Bread Alone. Even though we had already eaten bagels at Mud Club, we couldn’t resist stopping at this local bakery. What started as an entrepreneurial endeavor by artisan baker and educator Daniel Leader in the early ’80s, with loaves being sold out of the trunk of the family station wagon, has grown into a trailblazing bakery with a big following, with additional locations in Boiceville and Rhinebeck. 

This is the place to find an assortment of breads made with certified organic grains milled in Halifax, Pennsylvania, along with a pastry counter filled with sweet and savory treats. I purchased a chocolate caramel cake to enjoy later for Wally’s birthday, and trust me — it was a winner!

Bread Alone Bakery
22 Mill Hill Road

Candlestock

Beyond the white picket fence with yellow flame-topped posts at 16 Mill Hill Road is Candlestock, a one-of-a-kind family-owned business offering a wide selection of beeswax, drip and handmade candles in every shape, size and color imaginable. 

Wally and I purchased a few hand-dipped tapers and were in awe of the impressive, rainbow-colored “Drip Mountain,” a towering 8-foot-high by 3-foot-wide wax creation dramatically lit by blacklight that has been steadily growing since 1969. 

Candlestock
16 Mill Hill Road

The Golden Notebook 

This small but impressive independently owned bookshop, named after the original owner’s favorite Doris Lessing novel, has been a local staple for nearly five decades. Among the shelves and tables, you’ll find a mix of popular and rare titles spanning both fiction and nonfiction, as well as a selection of signed books and graphic novels by acclaimed author Neil Gaiman. His writing often features darkly whimsical themes, complex characters and richly imagined worlds.

A section at the front of the shop is dedicated to local history and the surrounding Hudson Valley, with a selection that highlights the region’s storied past. 

Whether you’re looking for books for adults or children, you’ll easily find your next read among the thoughtfully curated selections on display.

The Golden Notebook
29 Tinker Street

Timbuktu 

You’ve probably heard or even uttered the phrase, “from here to Timbuktu” to describe a faraway place. Well, just a few doors down from the Golden Notebook is a shop with that name, filled with global and one-of-a-kind goods. You’ll find a diverse array of handmade home goods, pillows, quilts and jewelry by the shop’s owner, Jaime Surgil. Wally and I especially loved the whimsical aquatint etchings by New York-based artist Stephen Francis Duffy. Whether you’re browsing or buying, you’re likely to leave this boutique feeling inspired.

Timbuktu
2 Tannery Brook Road

Woodstock Leisure Syndicate 

When Wally and I spotted a sign across the street with two bears hugging beneath a radiant moon, we had to check it out. It turned out to be tied to the concept shop Woodstock Leisure Syndicate, a collaborative project by the design duo Grant Krajecki and Ryan Kelly.

The shop is housed in the historic Old Forge House, a building that formerly served as the village blacksmith’s workshop and home. Stop by to browse quilted seating upholstered in nylon, as well as apparel, books, artwork and chunky, oversized Grey Ant eyewear — designed in New York by Krajecki and produced in Italy. I especially loved their playful take on the classic smiley logo, with “NY” for the eyes and “Woodstock” forming the smile. It’s available as a patch, tie-dyed T-shirt and super soft hoodie.

Woodstock Leisure Syndicate 
54C Tinker Street

Tinker Taco

By this time, we had worked up an appetite and decided to try the cute spot we had seen earlier. Plus, you can never go wrong with Mexican. 

To reach Tinker Taco, you have to walk behind the Old Forge. It’s a relaxed, order-at-the-bar-and-find-a-seat kind of place. We chose a picnic table on the banks of Tannery Brook, a stream that runs through town. 

The tortillas are handmade from local non-GMO corn, and the taco options range from chicken to barbacoa to vegetarian. Plus, the frozen margaritas are muy ricas!

Tinker Taco
54 Tinker Street

Village Green Bed & Breakfast 

In the center of Woodstock, you’ll find a small square and a charming storybook Victorian B&B. Known as the Village Green, it features the fantastical assemblages Merlin and Fantasy Boy, whose faces are embellished with hundreds of lustrous glass beads and whose bodies are covered in ceramic figurines, which instantly caught our attention. 

Village Green Bed & Breakfast
12 Tinker Street 

Tinker Toys Too

Tinker Toys Too, named after the street, not the toy, has been delighting kids of all ages for over three decades, thanks to its owner, Suki Beeh. Whether you’re looking for stuffed animals, storybooks, or educational wooden puzzles and games, you’ll find imaginative items throughout the store. Every shelf is filled with a delightful selection of classic and new toys, from Colorforms to Kewpie-like Sonny Angel figurines. These are toys made to last for years of play and discovery.

Tinker Toys Too
5 Mill Hill Road

WAAM (Woodstock Artists Association & Museum) 

WAAM, bam, thank you ma’am! This gallery is a great spot if you’re looking for a break from shopping. Since 1919, WAAM has been showcasing an eclectic mix of local talent and celebrating Woodstock’s long history as an arts haven. Whether you’re into paintings, sculptures or photography, there’s always something fresh to catch your eye. The museum also houses an impressive permanent collection, featuring works by notable artists like Milton Avery and Yasuo Kuniyoshi, giving you a peek into the creative roots that helped shape this quirky town. There’s a $10 suggested donation. 

WAAM (Woodstock Artists Association & Museum)
28 Tinker Street

Casa Ziki

The eye-catching entrance of Casa Ziki drew us in like a brightly colored flower attracting a pair of hummingbirds. There was no turning back once we saw the Georgian-style pediment, awash in a combination of tangerine and lavender — a custom design by the local duo Headspace. It definitely sets the tone for what awaits within. 

This modern homewares boutique, with locations in Brooklyn and Woodstock, is co-owned by wife and husband Sylvanna Kiss and Sasha Zinshtein. Inside, you’ll find a colorful selection of well-designed décor, playful accessories, lighting, art and pieces by local makers. Whether you’re shopping for yourself or someone else, you won’t regret stopping by.

Casa Ziki
35 Mill Hill Road

Early Terrible

We ended our delightful day in Woodstock at Early Terrible, the wine and cocktail bar and sister property next door to the Mud Club. A twisted column topped with a silver tankard and a peculiar-looking ogre (or perhaps a golem or troll?) peeking out from behind it marked the start of the gravel path that led us there.

The interior is dark and moody, while the patio fits in with the whimsical aesthetic that’s simultaneously rustic and glam. It’s filled with delightful details, from glittering disco balls and weathered wood planks to tufted leather couches and ornate cut-glass chandeliers. 

A sprawling root structure climbs above the bar and stretches outward, leaving you feeling as if you’ve followed Alice down the rabbit hole and tumbled into a magical place.

The cocktail menu offers an imaginative selection of signature drinks. I ordered the Smoke Signals, a blend of Banhez mezcal, a dash of amaro, tamarind purée and pineapple in a glass rimmed with a smoky house-made chili salt, while Wally opted for the Bramble, a refreshing concoction made with gin, crème de cassis and lemon juice. My parents each ordered beer, and the four of us shared a wood-fired sourdough pizza. Note: If you’re visiting on a weekday, don’t get your hopes up — pizza is only served on the weekends.

Early Terrible
45 Mill Hill Road

Feeling Groovy

Woodstock turned out to be our favorite spot in the Hudson Valley. The town’s blend of artistic spirit, quirky shops and laidback atmosphere make it the perfect place to explore and chill. Whether you’re browsing the boutiques or taking in some local art, it’s hard not to fall under Woodstock’s groovy spell. –Duke